【欧洲·俄罗斯】欧隆克—雅库特英雄叙事诗 Olonkho, Yakut heroic epos（2008年）

“termOlonkho（欧隆克—雅库特）是突厥民族最古老的史诗艺术之一，它指的是整个雅库特史诗传统及其中心史诗。今天，它仍然偶然在俄罗斯联邦远东的萨哈共和国演出。

这些诗意故事的长度从10到15000节不等，由奥隆霍歌手和故事讲述者分两部分表演：一部分是诗歌中的歌唱部分，另一部分是由朗诵组成的平淡部分。除了拥有良好的表演和歌唱技巧外，叙述者还必须是口才和诗意即兴创作的大师。这部史诗包括许多关于古代武士、神灵和动物的传说，但也涉及当代事件，如游牧社会的解体。

鉴于每个社区都有自己的叙述者和丰富的剧目，许多版本的《奥隆霍》流传开来。这一传统是在家庭环境中发展起来的，用于娱乐和教育。它反映了雅库特人的信仰，也见证了一个小国在政治动荡时期以及在艰难的气候和地理条件下挣扎求生的生活方式。

二十世纪俄罗斯的政治和技术变革威胁着萨哈共和国史诗传统的存在。尽管自改革年代以来，人们对Olonkho的兴趣与日俱增，但鉴于从业者数量非常少，而且都是老年人，这一传统受到了威胁。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

One of the oldest epic arts of the Turkic peoples, the termOlonkho refers to the entire Yakut epic tradition as well as its central epic.Today, it is still incidentally performed in the Sakha Republic, situated in the far east of the Russian Federation.

The poetic tales, which vary from 10 to 15,000 verses in length, are performed by the Olonkho singer and story-teller in two parts: a sung part in verse alternates with the prosaic part composed of recitatives. In addition to possessing good acting and singing skills, the narrator must be a master of eloquence and poetic improvisation. The epic consists of numerous legends about ancient warriors, deities, spirits and animals, but also addresses contemporary events, such as the disintegration of nomadic society.

Given that each community had its own narrator with a rich repertoire, numerous versions of Olonkho circulated. The tradition was developed within the family context for entertainment and as a means of education. Reflecting Yakut beliefs, it also bears witness to the way of life of a small nation struggling for survival at times of political unrest and under difficult climatic and geographical conditions.

The political and technological changes in twentieth-century Russia have threatened the existence of the epic tradition in the Sakha Republic. Although there has been a growing interest in Olonkho since the perestroika years, this tradition is endangered in view of the very low number of practitioner, all of old age.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region