【欧洲·塞尔维亚】古斯尔伴奏演唱 Singing to the accompaniment of the Gusle（2018年）

在一种简单的弦乐乐器Gusle的伴奏下歌唱，是一种古老的艺术，主要表演英雄史诗，作为一种历史记忆和文化身份的表达形式，数百年来一直在实践。表演涉及观众和表演者之间复杂的互动形式，并基于独奏艺术家（Guslar）的技能和创造力：Guslar将诗意内容、肢体语言和魅力戏剧化的能力是成功表演的关键。这些曲目包括主要关于神话和历史英雄、传奇过去、古代或近代历史事件的歌曲，以及不太常见的民谣和幽默歌曲。舞台表演在当地、节日和纪念活动中进行。这些歌曲涵盖了广泛的主题，反映了社区的价值体系，其互动性培养了社区感。大多数现代古斯拉人从他们家庭、当地社区或古斯拉协会中经验丰富的演奏者那里获得基本的唱歌和演奏技能，但这些技能也在公共音乐学校传播。地方组织聚集在塞尔维亚古拉尔联盟周围，他们的努力促成了古拉尔青年节和塞尔维亚古拉尔青年大会的成立。

2018年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Singing to the accompaniment of the Gusle – a simple string instrument – is an ancient art of performing primarily heroic epics practised for centuries as a form of historical memory and an expression of cultural identity. Performances involve a complex form of interaction between the audience and performer and are based on the skills and creativity of soloist artists (guslars): the guslars’ ability to dramatize poetic content, body language and charisma are key for successful performances. The repertoire includes songs predominantly about mythical and historical heroes, events from the legendary past, ancient or recent history and, less commonly, ballads and humorous songs. Stage performances take place locally, at festivals, and as part of commemoration practices. Covering a wide range of topics, the songs reflect the value system of the community and their interactive character fosters community feeling. Most modern guslars acquire the basic singing and playing skills from more experienced players in their family, local community or a guslar association, but the skills are also transmitted in public music schools. Local organizations are assembled around the Union of Guslars of Serbia, whose efforts have resulted in the establishment of the Festival of Young Guslars and the Assembly of the Young Guslars of Serbia.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2018.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region