【亚洲·土耳其】塞玛贺，阿里维-贝查兹教派的仪式 Semah, Alevi-Bektaşi ritual（2010年）

Semahs可以被描述为一组有节奏和谐的神秘和审美身体运动。它们是Cem仪式中发现的十二种主要仪式之一，这些仪式由Alevi Bektaşi的信徒进行，这是一种基于对先知穆罕默德之后的第四位哈里发阿里的崇拜的信仰体系。semah由semahıs（semah舞者）表演，由虔诚的音乐家演奏saz长颈琵琶伴奏。土耳其各地的Alevi Bektaşi社区存在各种形式的塞马，每种形式都有不同的音乐特征和节奏结构。一个一贯的特点是男女并肩进行仪式。Semah仪式建立在与上帝合一的概念上，作为自然循环的一部分：人们来自上帝，回归上帝。Semah有两种形式：İçeri Semah在Cems中仅在信徒中执行，作为十二项服务的一部分；DşarıSemahs独立于向年轻一代推广Semah文化的服务进行。Semahs是传播Alevi Bektaşi传统的最重要手段。所有的实践、传统主题和教义都是口头传承的，与传统相关的独特艺术和文学流派继续蓬勃发展。通过这种方式，塞马什在培育和丰富土耳其传统音乐文化方面发挥了至关重要的作用。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Semahs can be described as a set of mystical and aesthetic body movements in rhythmic harmony. They constitute one of the twelve main services found in Cem rituals, religious practices performed by adherents of Alevi-Bektaşi, a belief system based on admiration for Ali, the fourth caliph after the prophet Muhammed. Semahs are performed by semahçıs (Semah dancers), accompanied by devout musicians playing the saz long-necked lute. Various forms of Semah exist in Alevi-Bektaşi communities across Turkey, each with distinct musical characteristics and rhythmic structures. One consistent characteristic is the performance of the ritual by both men and women, side by side. Semah rituals are founded upon the concept of unity with God as part of a natural cycle: people come from God and return to God. There are two forms of Semah: İçeri Semahs are performed in Cems only among adherents as part of the twelve services; Dışarı Semahs are performed independent of services to promote Semah culture to younger generations. Semahs are the most crucial means for the transmission of the Alevi-Bektaşi tradition. All practices, traditional motifs and teachings are passed on orally, and distinct genres of art and literature associated with the tradition continue to thrive. In this way, Semahs play a crucial role in fostering and enriching the traditional music culture of Turkey.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region