【亚洲·亚美尼亚】亚美尼亚十字架石的象征与工艺Armenian cross-stones art. Symbolism and craftsmanship of Khachkars（2010年）

Khachkar是亚美尼亚工匠和亚美尼亚侨民社区用石头雕刻的户外石碑。它们是敬拜的焦点，是纪念石，也是促进世俗和神灵之间交流的遗迹。哈契卡尔的高度达到1.5米，中间有一个装饰性的十字架，位于太阳或永恒之轮的象征，伴随着植物学的几何图案，圣徒和动物的雕刻。Khachkar通常使用当地石头制作，并使用凿子、模具、尖笔和锤子雕刻。然后用细砂打磨雕刻品。用粘土或石灰抹面，消除小裂缝和粗糙表面，然后涂漆。完成后，在一个小型的宗教仪式上竖立卡卡。在被祝福和受膏之后，卡什卡人被认为拥有神圣的力量，可以提供帮助、保护、胜利、长寿、纪念和调解，以拯救灵魂。在亚美尼亚的5万多个哈卡人中，每一个都有自己的模式，没有两个是相同的。Khachkar工艺通过家庭或从师傅到学徒进行传播，传授传统的方法和图案，同时鼓励区域特色和个人即兴创作。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Khachkars are outdoor steles carved from stone by craftspeople in Armenia and communities in the Armenian diaspora. They act as a focal point for worship, as memorial stones and as relics facilitating communication between the secular and divine. Khachkars reach 1.5 metres in height, and have an ornamentally carved cross in the middle, resting on the symbol of a sun or wheel of eternity, accompanied by vegetative-geometric motifs, carvings of saints and animals. Khachkars are created usually using local stone and carved using chisel, die, sharp pens and hammers. The carvings are then ground using fine sand. Small breaks and rough surfaces are eliminated by plaster of clay or lime, and then painted. Once finished, the Khachkar is erected during a small religious ceremony. After being blessed and anointed, the Khachkar is believed to possess holy powers and can provide help, protection, victory, long life, remembrance and mediation towards salvation of the soul. Among more than 50,000 Khachkars in Armenia, each has its own pattern, and no two are alike. Khachkar craftsmanship is transmitted through families or from master to apprentice, teaching the traditional methods and patterns, while encouraging regional distinctiveness and individual improvisation.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region