【亚洲·吉尔吉斯共和国】白毡帽工艺：制作和佩戴吉尔吉斯男士头饰的传统知识和技艺Ak-kalpak craftsmanship, traditional knowledge and skills in making and wearing Kyrgyz men’s headwear（2019年）

Ak kalpak工艺是吉尔吉斯的传统手工艺品。Ak kalpak是一种传统的男性帽子，由白色毛毡制成，具有很深的神圣意义。Ak kalpak工艺是由相关社区的工匠传承下来的知识和技能的累积、不断发展的体系，包括毡切、切割、缝纫和图案刺绣。相关知识和技能通过口头指导、实践培训和研讨会上的联合制作进行传播。有八十多种Ak-kalpak可以区分，装饰有各种各样的图案，具有神圣的意义和历史。环境友好、舒适，阿克卡尔帕克像一座雪峰，四面代表着四种元素：空气、水、火和土。四条边缘线象征着生命，顶部的流苏象征着祖先的后代和记忆，图案象征着家谱。Ak kalpak将不同的吉尔吉斯部落和社区团结在一起，并使吉尔吉斯人被其他民族认同。当其他民族的代表在节日或哀悼日佩戴它以表达团结和同情时，它也促进了包容性。全国各地都有相关知识和技能传承的研讨会，2013年，一个名为“代代相传”的项目在全国范围内开展了关于传统Ak kalpak制作技术的研究，结果举办了一场展览并出版了一本书。

2019年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Ak-kalpak craftsmanship is a traditional Kyrgyz handicraft. The Ak-kalpak is a traditional male hat made with white felt, which bears deep sacral meanings. Ak-kalpak craftsmanship is a cumulative, ever-evolving body of knowledge and skills passed down by craftswomen in the communities concerned comprising felting, cutting and sewing and pattern embroidery. Related knowledge and skills are transmitted via oral coaching, hands-on training and joint making in workshops. More than eighty kinds of Ak-kalpak can be distinguished, decorated with various patterns bearing a sacred meaning and history. Environmentally friendly and comfortable, the Ak-kalpak resembles a snow peak, with four sides representing the four elements: air, water, fire and earth. The four edging lines symbolize life, with the tassels on the top symbolizing ancestors’ posterity and memory, and the pattern symbolizing the family tree. Ak-kalpak unites different Kyrgyz tribes and communities and makes Kyrgyz people recognizable to other ethnic groups. It also fosters inclusivity when representatives of other ethnic groups wear it on holidays or days of mourning to express unity and sympathy. There are workshops all over the country where related knowledge and skills are passed down, and in 2013 a project entitled ‘From generation to generation’ was conducted on traditional Ak-kalpak-making techniques nationwide, resulting in an exhibition and published book.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2019.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region