【亚洲•韩国】江陵端午祭 The Gangneung Danoje Festival (2009年)

江陵端午祭是太白山脉以东的朝鲜半岛上的江陵及附近地区的节日。节日主要通过在大关岭举行一种萨满教的仪式,祭拜山神以及男国师和女国师,仪式中有传统音乐和Odokddegi民歌、官奴假面舞、口占诗和各种各样的娱乐活动。南江集市是朝鲜最大的户外集市,在这里有各式当地特产和手工艺品的买卖、比赛、游戏和马戏表演,这些已经构成了节日的另一道风景。
  每年,长达四周的祭典从农历四月五日的神酒酿造开始。同时举行达诺萨满教仪式,仪式中的主角是圣树、sinmokhwagae——一种用羽毛、钟铃和竹子做成的圣器。
  三世纪的中国文献中最早记载了这一活动,节日的现代形式,包括其中的一些元素,在后来的《Imyeong纪》中都有记述,该书刊行于朝鲜王朝的京宗时代(1720-1724)。
将祭孔仪式、萨满教仪式和佛教仪式融为一体,是端午祭的特点之一。通过仪式祭献神灵,以保当地居民生活富足安宁,因为当地居民相信自然灾害是潜在的。每年,有大量游客来观礼,并积极参与仪式的准备活动:做端午祭扇、酿造圣酒、画官奴假面、包粽子吃粽子、用艾利斯河水洗头。从节日的传统语境上看,它的功能之一就是打破了社会阶级,允许所有阶层参与。今天,这一点对传统文化的传播和社区意识的加强,起着至关重要的作用。

 

Jiangling Dragon Boat Festival is a festival in Jiangling and its vicinity on the Korean Peninsula east of the Taibai Mountains. The Festival is mainly held through a Shamanist ceremony in Daguanling, worshipping mountain gods and male and female teachers. The ceremony includes traditional music and Odokddegi folk songs, official slave masquerade dances, oral poems and various recreational activities. Nanjiang Fair is the largest outdoor market in North Korea, where there are various local specialties and handicraft sales, competitions, games and circus performances, which have formed another scene of the festival.

Every year, the four-week festival begins with the production of divine wine on April 5th of the lunar calendar. At the same time, Dano Shamanism ceremony was held. The main characters of the ceremony were Sacred Tree, Simok and hwagae, a sacred vessel made of feathers, bells and bamboo.

This activity was first recorded in Chinese literature in the third century. The modern forms of festivals, including some elements, were recorded in Imyeong Ji, which was published in the era of Jingzong (1720-1724) of the Korean Dynasty.

One of the characteristics of the Dragon Boat Festival is to integrate the rites of sacrificing Confucius, Shamanism and Buddhism. Through ritual sacrifices to gods, to ensure that the local residents live in prosperity and tranquility, because the local residents believe that natural disasters are potential. Every year, a large number of tourists come to watch the ceremony and actively participate in the preparatory activities of the ceremony: making Dragon Boat Festival fan, brewing holy wine, painter slave mask, wrapping dumplings, eating dumplings, shampooing your hair with the water of the Alice River. From the traditional context of the festival, one of its functions is to break the social class and allow all strata to participate. Today, this point plays a vital role in the dissemination of traditional culture and the enhancement of community awareness.