toquilla草帽由厄瓜多尔海岸特有的棕榈树纤维编织而成。沿海的农民在把纤维从绿色的外皮中分离出来之前,先种植玉米茎,然后收割玉米茎。将其煮沸以去除叶绿素,然后在木火上用硫进行后续漂白。织工们用这种原料开始编织帽子的帽顶和帽沿。编织一顶帽子可能需要一天到八个月的时间,这取决于质量和技巧。在沿海社区Pile,织工生产需要特定气候条件的超精细帽子,每排织布都有精确的点数。这个过程是通过洗涤、漂白、成型、熨烫和压制来完成的。织工大多是农民家庭,通过观察和模仿,织布技术从很小的时候就在家中传播。这些技能和知识包含了复杂而动态的社会结构,包括传统的栽培和加工技术、社会组织形式,以及在日常服装和节日场合使用帽子。它是传承这一传统的社区及其文化遗产的一个独特标志。

2012年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源:联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

 

The toquilla straw hat is woven from fibres from a palm tree characteristic of the Ecuadorian coast. Coastal farmers cultivate the toquillales and harvest the stems before separating the fibre from the green outer skin. This is boiled to remove chlorophyll and dried for subsequent bleaching with sulfur over a wood fire. Weavers take this raw material and begin weaving the crown and the brim of the hat. Weaving a hat can take from one day to eight months, depending on the quality and finesse. In Pile, a costal community, weavers produce extra fine hats that require specific climatic conditions and involve an exact number of points in each row of weaving. The process is completed by washing, bleaching, moulding, ironing and pressing. The weavers are mostly peasant families and transmission of weaving techniques occurs within the home from an early age through observation and imitation. The skills and knowledge enfold a complex and dynamic social fabric including traditional techniques of cultivation and processing, forms of social organization, and use of the hat as part of everyday clothing and in festive contexts. It is a distinctive mark of the communities perpetrating this tradition and part of their cultural heritage.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2012.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region

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