【美洲·多米尼加】库库鲁舞蹈戏剧传统 Cocolo dance drama tradition（2008年）

“19世纪中叶来到多米尼加共和国在糖田工作的英属加勒比奴隶的后裔中发展了可可洛舞剧传统。这个语言和文化上截然不同的社区建立了自己的教堂、学校、慈善团体和互助小屋。他们最不信任的然而，这种夸张的表达是一年一度的舞剧表演。“Cocolo”一词最初是贬义词，指的是在岛上的英国糖业种植园工作的移民，现在被骄傲地使用。

各种科科洛剧团曾在圣诞节、圣彼得节和狂欢节上表演。在他们的表演中，来自不同世界的主题创造性地结合在一起。起源于非洲的音乐和舞蹈与源自圣经和中世纪欧洲文学的戏剧情节、传说和人物融为一体。这些活动包括圣诞颂歌、弦乐和刮擦乐队的表演、所谓的尼加商业活动，包括化装舞会和上演戏剧场景，如《大卫与歌利亚》、《莫科-尤比》和《牛仔与印第安人》。现在只剩下一个老剧团了。

这种非洲和英国文化主题的融合，以及它们对西班牙天主教环境的适应，是创造力的突出表现。但是，尽管科科洛社区的老年人在家里仍然说加勒比英语，但大多数人已经失去了他们的古老母语，只能说西班牙语。如今，科科洛社区分散在多米尼加共和国的不同地区，大多数已经融入更广泛的多米尼加社会。这种发展使得年长的科科洛更难将他们的知识传递给年轻一代，保留他们的特定机构，并保持舞蹈戏剧传统的活力。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Cocolo dancing drama tradition developed among descendants of British Caribbean slaves who had come to the Dominican Republic in the mid-nineteenth century to work in the sugar fields. This linguistically and culturally distinct community set up their own churches, schools, benevolent societies and mutual assistance lodges. Their most distinctive expressions, however, were annual dancing drama performances. Originally pejorative, the term “Cocolo”, which refers to the migrants working on the British sugar plantation of the island, is now used proudly.

Various Cocolo drama troupes used to perform at Christmas, on St Peter’s day and at carnival festivities. In their performances, themes from various worlds are creatively united. Music and dance genres of African origin blend with dramatic plots, legends and figures derived from biblical and medieval European literature. These include Christmas carolling, performances of string and scratch bands, the so-called Niega business, involving masquerades and the staging of theatrical scenes such as ’David and Goliath’, ’Moko- Yombi’ and ’Cowboys and Indians’. Only one ageing troupe now remains.

This fusion of African and British cultural themes, and their adaptation to a Spanish Catholic milieu, is a salient expression of creativity. But although older members of the Cocolo community still speak Caribbean English at home, most have lost their ancient mother tongue and are monolingual in Spanish. Today, the Cocolo community is scattered in different regions of the Dominican Republic, and most have assimilated into broader Dominican society. This development has made it more difficult for the older Cocolo to transmit their knowledge to younger generations, to retain their specific institutions and to keep the dancing drama tradition alive.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region