【美洲·巴拿马】刚果文化的仪式和节日表达 Ritual and festive expressions of the Congo culture（2018年）

刚果文化的仪式和节日表达包含了对殖民时期被奴役的黑人叛军后裔进行集体庆祝的当代愿景。如今，参与者们玩刚果舞，庆祝他们的自由，愉快地歌唱他们的日常生活，赤脚表演象征和性感舞蹈，与地球交流。在刚果季节（从1月20日圣塞巴斯蒂安日到火山灰星期三），参与者们在栅栏中度过一天；在一个由女王及其宫廷统治的母系社会里，人们庆祝这一聚会；每个人都有保护女王和栅栏成员免受魔鬼（暗黑破坏神）伤害的职责。在灰烬星期三，本季以暗黑破坏神和康戈斯之间的对峙告终；女王和康戈人摘下面具，在象征性的仪式中为魔鬼洗礼，以释放他们并消除他们的邪恶，直到第二年循环重新开始。几代人以来，这些表达促进了社会融合，并提供了一种表达快乐和性感的方式。刚果文化的表达是口头传播的，每个人都参与其中。学校还举办刚果歌唱、舞蹈和音乐课程，在大学一级提供教学，并组织课程和周末讲习班。

2018年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The ritual and festive expressions of the Congo culture encompass the contemporary vision of a collective celebration of the black rebel descendants enslaved during the colonial period. Nowadays, participants play congo, celebrate their freedom, cheerfully sing about their everyday lives and perform representations and sensual dances barefoot, to communicate with the earth. During the Congo season (from 20 January, San Sebastian Day, until Ash Wednesday), participants spend the day in a palisade; the gathering is celebrated in a matriarchal society ruled by a queen and her court; each person has a role to fulfil to protect the queen and members of the palisade from the devils (diablos). On Ash Wednesday, the season concludes with a confrontation between the diablos and the congos; the queen and congos take off their masks and baptize the devils in a symbolic ritual to free them and neutralize their evil until the cycle recommences the following year. For generations, the expressions have fostered social integration and provided a way of expressing joy and sensuality. Congo culture expressions are transmitted orally and everyone takes part. Congo singing, dancing and music programmes have also been held in schools, instruction is provided at the university level, and courses and weekend workshops are organized.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2018.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region