【欧洲·爱沙尼亚】佛罗玛的烟熏桑拿传统 Smoke sauna tradition in Võromaa（2014年）

烟雾桑拿传统是爱沙尼亚Võro社区日常生活的重要组成部分。它包括一系列丰富的传统，包括实际的沐浴习俗、制作沐浴搅拌器的技能、建造和修理桑拿，以及在桑拿房里熏肉。桑拿浴室是一座建筑或房间，由覆盖着石头的火炉加热，并有一个用于坐或躺的高架平台。它没有烟囱，燃烧木材产生的烟雾在房间里循环。人们通常一起去桑拿浴室，直到身体出汗。水被扔到加热的石头上，产生充满蒸汽的热空气，沐浴者用搅拌器敲打身体，擦掉死皮，刺激血液循环。在出汗、搅拌、放松和可能的治疗过程之后，人们在室外冷却自己，并用水冲洗身体。重复这个过程。烟熏桑拿传统主要是一种家庭习俗，通常在周六进行，但也在重大节日或家庭活动之前进行，其主要功能是放松身心。家庭轮流接待彼此。通常情况下，由一位年长的家庭成员负责准备桑拿，并由逐渐掌握必要技能的孩子陪同。

2014年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The smoke sauna tradition is an important part of everyday life in the Võro community of Estonia. It comprises a rich set of traditions including the actual bathing customs, the skills of making bath whisks, building and repairing saunas, and smoking meat in the sauna. The sauna is a building or room heated by a stove covered with stones and with an elevated platform for sitting or lying. It has no chimney, and the smoke from burning wood circulates in the room. People usually visit the sauna together and remain until the body sweats. Water is thrown on the heated stones to produce hot steam-laden air and bathers beat their bodies with whisks to scrub off dead skin and stimulate blood circulation. After sweating, whisking, relaxing and possible healing procedures, people cool themselves outside and rinse their bodies with water. The procedure is repeated. The smoke sauna tradition is primarily a family custom, practised usually on Saturdays but also before major festivals or family events, whose main function is to relax the body and mind. Families take turns hosting each other. Usually an older family member is responsible for preparing the sauna, accompanied by children who gradually acquire the necessary skills.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2014.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region