【欧洲·罗马尼亚】男子群体圣诞颂歌仪式 Men’s group Colindat, Christmas-time ritual（2013年）

每年圣诞节前，罗马尼亚和摩尔多瓦共和国各地的村庄都会聚集成群结队的年轻人，为科林达仪式做准备。在平安夜，他们挨家挨户表演节日歌曲。之后，主持人向歌手提供仪式礼物和金钱。这些歌曲有史诗般的内容，适合每一位主持人的个人情况。仪式表演者还为未婚女孩唱特殊的吉祥歌曲，并与她们共舞——据说这种做法可以帮助她们在明年找到丈夫。科林达有时会穿着服装表演，伴随着乐器伴奏和舞蹈。年轻男性群体（传统上未婚）是该元素的主要承载者和实践者；经验丰富的男性，通常是前团队领导者，负责团队的培训。仪式歌曲是在每天的排练中学习的，从团队组建到平安夜。在一些地区，孩子们被允许参加这些排练，以便学习曲目。除了传达节日的问候，这种文化遗产在维护社会认同和确保凝聚力方面发挥着重要作用。

2013年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Each year before Christmas, groups of young men gather in villages throughout Romania and the Republic of Moldova to prepare for the ritual of Colindat. On Christmas Eve, they go from house to house performing festive songs. Afterwards, the hosts offer the singers ritual gifts and money. The songs have an epic content, which is adapted to each host’s individual circumstances. Ritual performers also sing special, auspicious songs for unmarried girls and dance with them – a practice said to help them find a husband within the next year. Colindat is sometimes performed in costume, with instrumental accompaniment and choreography. Groups of young men (traditionally unmarried) are the main bearers and practitioners of the element; experienced men, often former group leaders, are responsible for the group’s training. The ritual songs are learned at daily rehearsals from the time the group is formed until Christmas Eve. In some areas, children are allowed to attend these rehearsals in order to learn the repertoire. As well as conveying the season’s greetings, this cultural heritage plays an important role in preserving social identity and ensuring cohesion.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2013.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region