【欧洲·罗马尼亚】卡鲁斯仪式舞蹈 Căluş ritual（2008年）

“在罗马尼亚南部的奥尔特地区表演的Căluş仪式舞蹈也构成了保加利亚和塞尔维亚弗拉赫人文化遗产的一部分。虽然这种舞蹈中使用的最古老的有文献记载的音乐可追溯到17世纪，但该仪式可能源于使用荷尔符号的古代净化和生育仪式e、 它被奉为太阳的化身。这个仪式的名字来源于Căluş，马缰的木制部分。“Căluş”仪式以一系列游戏、短剧、歌曲和舞蹈为特色，由所有男性Căluşari舞蹈演员在两把小提琴和一支手风琴的伴奏下表演。年轻人过去是由一位瓦塔夫（大师）发起的，他从前任那里继承了德尚（魔法咒语）和舞步的知识。成群结队的Căluşari舞蹈演员戴着五颜六色的帽子，穿着绣有叮当作响的小铃铛的衬衫和裤子，表演复杂的舞蹈，包括跺脚、踩脚跟、跳跃和摆动双腿。

按照传统，一群群的舞蹈和吟诵被认为具有神奇治疗能力的Căluşari挨家挨户，向村民承诺健康和繁荣。

直到今天，塞卢·阿里还在惠特周日聚会，庆祝他们的舞蹈和音乐才华。Căluş仪式证明了罗马尼亚丰富的文化多样性，它也在民俗节日中得到广泛推广，如奥尔特地区的卡拉卡尔节，使其成为名副其实的国家象征。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Performed in the Olt region of southern Romania, the Căluş ritual dance also formed part of the cultural heritage of the Vlachs of Bulgaria and Serbia. Although the oldest documented music used in this dance dates from the seventeenth century, the ritual probably derived from ancient purification and fertility rites using the symbol of the horse, which was worshipped as an embodiment of the sun. The ritual’s name derives from the Căluş, the wooden part of the horse’s bridle. The Căluş ritual features a series of games, skits, songs and dances, and was enacted by all-male Căluşari dancers to the accompaniment of two violins and an accordion. Young men used to be initiated into the ritual by a vataf (master) who had inherited the knowledge of descântece (magic charms) and the dance steps from his predecessor. Groups of Căluşari dancers, sporting colourful hats, embroidered shirts and trousers adorned with small jingling bells, perform complex dances, which combine stamping, clicking of the heels, leaping and swinging of the legs.

According to tradition, groups of dancing and chanting Căluşari, who were thought to be endowed with magical healing powers, went from house to house, promising good health and prosperity to villagers.

Until today, Căluşari meet to celebrate their dancing and musical prowess on Whit Sunday. Testifying the rich cultural diversity of Romania, the Căluş ritual is also widely promoted at folklore festivals, such as the Caracal festival in the region of Olt, turning it into a veritable national symbol.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region