【欧洲·罗马尼亚】霍雷祖陶瓷工艺 Craftsmanship of Horezu ceramics（2012年）

霍雷祖陶瓷是一种独特的传统工艺。它们是罗马尼亚瓦尔恰县北部手工制作的，反映了几代人的知识和工艺。男性和女性通常会划分制造过程。人们选择并提取泥土，然后对其进行清洁、切割、浇水、揉捏、踩踏和混合——将其转化为粘土体，霍雷祖的陶工从中制作出红色陶器。然后，陶工们用一种特殊的手指技术塑造每一个物体，需要专注、力量和敏捷。每个人都有自己的塑造方法，但每个人都尊重操作顺序。这些女性使用特定的技术和工具来装饰这些物品，以绘制传统图案。他们将装饰和色彩结合起来的技巧决定了这些陶瓷的个性和独特性。这些颜色是深棕色、红色、绿色、蓝色和“Horezu象牙色”的鲜艳色调。然后发射目标。陶工们使用传统的工具：清洁泥土的搅拌机、成型用的陶工轮和梳子、镂空的牛角和装饰用的细金属丝棒，以及燃烧木材的炉子。这种手艺通过家庭、从师傅到学徒的车间、集市和展览进行传播。该元素赋予社区一种身份认同感，同时在日常生活中保持社会功能。

2012年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Horezu ceramics are a unique traditional craft. Handmade in the northern part of Vâlcea County, Romania, they reflect generations of knowledge and craftsmanship. Men and women generally divide the fabrication processes. Men select and extract the earth, which is then cleaned, cut, watered, kneaded, trampled and mixed – transforming it into a clay body from which the potters of Horezu produce a red pottery. The potters then shape each object with a special finger technique requiring concentration, strength and agility. Each person has his own method of shaping, but everyone respects the sequence of operations. The women decorate the objects using specific techniques and tools to draw traditional motifs. Their skill in combining decoration and colour defines the personality and uniqueness of these ceramics. The colours are vivid shades of dark brown, red, green, blue and ‘Horezu ivory’. The object is then fired. The potters use traditional tools: a mixer for cleaning the earth, a potter’s wheel and comb for shaping, a hollowed-out bull’s horn and a fine wire-tipped stick for decoration, and a wood-burning stove for firing. The craft is transmitted through families, in workshops from master to apprentice, and at fairs and exhibitions. The element gives the community a sense of identity, while maintaining a social function in everyday existence.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2012.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region