【欧洲·摩尔多瓦】罗马尼亚和摩尔多瓦的传统壁毯制作技艺 Traditional wall-carpet craftsmanship in Romania and the Republic of Moldova（2016年）

在过去，罗马尼亚和摩尔多瓦共和国社区的织工生产的壁毯不仅被用作装饰特征和绝缘材料，还被用作新娘嫁妆的一部分。制作具有令人印象深刻的图案的作品需要多种技术。某些图案也表明了织工来自哪里。地毯在社区实践中起着额外的作用，比如在葬礼上，它们象征着灵魂通往来世的通道。它们还作为国家身份的标志在国际展览中展出。如今，壁毯主要作为公共和私人空间的艺术品，在城市节日和仪式上展出。技术已经从某些地方使用的立式或卧式织机，转变为精梳（逐线）和其他形式，现在织工可以在家工作。在农村，女孩从母亲或祖母那里学习艺术形式，而在城市，手工艺中心、协会和大学以及博物馆提供课程。壁毯工艺被视为创造力和身份标志的表现，也被视为团结不同年龄和社会经济背景的社会群体的工具。

2016年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

In the past, wall carpets produced by weavers in communities of Romania and the Republic of Moldova were used not only as decorative features and sources of insulation but also as part of a bride’s dowry. A variety of techniques were needed to produce the pieces with impressive motifs. Certain patterns also indicated where the weaver was from. The carpets had additional roles in community practices, such as at funerals where they symbolized a passage for the soul to the hereafter. They were also displayed at international exhibitions as markers of national identity. These days, wall carpets are mainly appreciated as works of art for public and private spaces and exhibited at city festivals and ceremonies. Techniques have changed from vertical or horizontal looms practised in some parts, to tight picking (thread by thread) and other forms with weavers now able to work from home. In villages, girls learn the art form from their mother or grandmother, while in cities craft centers, associations and colleges, as well as museums provide classes. Viewed as an expression of creativity and identity marker, wall carpet craftsmanship is also considered as a tool to unite groups in society of different ages and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2016.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region