【亚洲·土耳其】阿舍克勒克（吟游诗人表演）传统Âşıklık (minstrelsy) tradition（2009年）

土耳其的şıklık（吟游诗人）传统是由被称为şık的流浪诗人歌手表演的。穿着传统服装，拉着一根细绳，在婚礼、咖啡馆和各种公共节日中，阿什克是一个常见的表演者。在梦中被称为şık的人将长期从事弦乐和打击乐器演奏、歌唱、讲故事和应答等艺术的学徒生涯，这些艺术构成了这个职业的核心。他们背诵的诗，通常是关于爱情的，是用押韵的音节韵律写成的，最后是一首四行诗，其中“哈克”说出了他的笔名“哈拉”。他们的即兴表演还可能包括谜语、民间故事、与其他歌手的智慧和创造力的口头决斗，以及吟游诗人嘴里叼着针强迫他背诵诗歌时唱的诗歌，避免B、P、V、M和F音。因为şık在社区之间旅行，它们有助于传播文化价值观和思想，并促进活跃的社会对话，部分是通过主题诗歌和社会政治讽刺。尤其是在婚礼上，他们被视为导师和向导，他们的传统借鉴并丰富了土耳其文学文化和全国各地社区的日常生活。

2009年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Âşıklık (minstrelsy) tradition of Turkey is performed by wandering poet-singers known as âşıks. Dressed in traditional clothes and plucking a stringed saz, the âşık is a common performer at weddings, in coffeehouses and during public festivals of all sorts. The âşık is called in a dream to undertake a long apprenticeship in the arts of playing string and percussion instruments, singing, storytelling and repartee that form the heart of the vocation. The poems they recite, usually about love, are written in rhymed syllabic meter and end with a quatrain in which the âşık utters the Mâhlas, his pseudonym. Their improvisational performances may also include riddles, folk tales, verbal duels of wit and creativity with other âşıks, and verses sung while the minstrel holds a needle in his mouth to force him to recite poems avoiding B, P, V, M and F sounds. Because âşıks travel between communities, they help to spread cultural values and ideas and to facilitate a robust social dialogue, in part through topical poetry and social and political satire. At weddings in particular, âşıks are regarded as instructors and guides whose tradition draws on and enriches Turkish literary culture and the daily lives of communities throughout the country.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2009.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region