【亚洲·土耳其】卡拉格兹 Karagöz（2009年）

卡拉戈兹是土耳其的一种皮影剧场形式，由骆驼皮或牛皮制成的人形或物形人物被固定在光源前的杆子上，将他们的影子投射到棉质屏幕上。一部戏剧以一个介绍性人物的投影开始，以设置场景和建议戏剧的主题，然后消失在刺耳的哨声中，让位于一场可能包含歌唱、手鼓音乐、诗歌、神话、绕口令和谜语的主要表演。通常是喜剧故事的主角是卡拉戈兹和哈西瓦特，以及其他许多人，包括一个叫坎托古的卡巴莱唱诗班和一个叫霍卡巴兹的魔术师杂技演员，故事中充满了双关语和对地区口音的模仿。木偶由一位名叫Hayali的首席艺术家操控，他可能有一个或多个学徒助手，通过帮助创作塔斯维尔木偶并伴随音乐来学习木偶工艺。卡拉戈兹曾在咖啡馆、花园和公共广场上广泛演出，尤其是在神圣的拉马赞月期间，以及在割礼宴会上，如今，卡拉戈兹主要出现在大城市的表演厅、学校和商场，在那里它仍然吸引着观众。传统戏剧增强了文化认同感，同时通过娱乐将人们拉近了距离。

2009年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Karagöz is a form of shadow theatre in Turkey in which figures known as tasvirs made of camel or ox hide in the shape of people or things are held on rods in front of a light source to cast their shadows onto a cotton screen. A play begins with the projection of an introductory figure to set the scene and suggest the themes of the drama, before it vanishes to the shrill sound of a whistle, giving way to a main performance that may incorporate singing, tambourine music, poetry, myth, tongue-twisters and riddles. The usually comic stories feature the main characters Karagöz and Hacivat and a host of others, including a cabaret chanteuse called Kantocu and an illusionist-acrobat named Hokkabaz, and abound in puns and imitations of regional accents. The puppets are manipulated by one lead artist, the Hayali, who may have one or more apprentice-assistants who are learning the craft by helping to create the tasvirs and accompanying the action with music. Once played widely at coffeehouses, gardens, and public squares, especially during the holy month of Ramazan, as well as during circumcision feasts, Karagöz is found today mostly in performance halls, schools and malls in larger cities where it still draws audiences. The traditional theatre strengthens a sense of cultural identity while bringing people closer together through entertainment.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2009.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region