【亚洲·土耳其】细密画艺术 Art of miniature（2020年）
2022-04-01 10:55
微型画是一种二维艺术作品，涉及在书籍、纸媒、地毯、纺织品、墙壁、陶瓷和其他物品上设计和创作小型绘画，使用金、银和各种有机物质等原材料。从历史上看，这种微型画以书画为例，书画中的文字在视觉上得到了支撑，但这种元素已经演变，也可以在建筑和公共空间中观察到。微型画的图案以绘画的方式代表信仰、世界观和生活方式，并通过伊斯兰的影响获得了新的特征。虽然它们在风格上存在差异，但提交报告的缔约国所采用的微型艺术有着共同的关键特点。在所有情况下，它都是一种传统工艺，通常通过师徒关系（非正规教育）传播，并被视为每个社会的社会和文化身份的一个组成部分。这幅微型画展示了一种特定类型的透视图，在这种透视图中，人物的大小根据其重要性而变化——这是与现实主义和自然主义风格的关键区别。尽管它已经存在了几个世纪，但它仍在继续发展，从而加强了过去和现在之间的联系。传统的绘画原则和技巧得以保留，但艺术家们也在这个过程中发挥了个人创造力。
2020年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。
来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心
The miniature is a type of two-dimensional artwork that involves the design and creation of small paintings on books, papier-mâché, rugs, textiles, walls, ceramics and other items using raw materials such as gold, silver and various organic substances. Historically, the miniature was exemplified by book painting in which the text was supported visually, but the element has evolved and can also be observed in architecture and as an adornment in public spaces. The patterns of the miniature represent beliefs, worldviews and lifestyles in a pictorial fashion and also gained a new character through the Islamic influence. While there are stylistic differences between them, the art of miniature as practised by the submitting States Parties shares crucial features. In all cases, it is a traditional craft typically transmitted through mentor-apprentice relationships (non-formal education) and considered as an integral part of each society’s social and cultural identity. The miniature displays a specific type of perspective in which the size of the figures changes according to their importance - a key difference from realistic and naturalistic styles. Though it has existed for centuries, it continues to develop and thus strengthens the bonds between past and present. Traditional painting principles and techniques are preserved, but artists also bring individual creativity into the process.
Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2020.
Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region.
