【欧洲·德国】管风琴制作工艺和音乐 Organ craftsmanship and music（2017年）

几个世纪以来，风琴工艺和音乐塑造了德国的音乐景观和乐器制作，该国有许多相关的传统。管风琴工艺与音乐密切相关，因为每一种乐器都是专门为演奏它的建筑空间而创作的。在整个历史过程中，工匠、作曲家和音乐家共同开发了与该实践相关的高度专业化的知识和技能，而专业化且主要是非正式传播的知识和技能是群体身份的重要标志。管风琴音乐本质上是跨文化的，是一种促进宗教间理解的通用语言。虽然主要与教堂服务、音乐会和现代文化活动有关，但它也在重要的社区建设庆典期间播放。德国有400家中等规模的手工艺品工厂，保证其生存和传播能力，还有一些较大的家族作坊。与该要素有关的知识和技能通过教师和学生的直接经验传播，并辅之以职业学校和大学的培训。学徒们在器官制作车间获得实践经验，并在职业学校获得理论知识，保护这一要素的努力还包括在大学和音乐学院教学、会议和通过媒体进行演讲。

2017年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Organ craftsmanship and music has shaped Germany’s musical landscape and instrument-making for centuries, and there are a diverse number of related traditions in the country. Organ craftsmanship and music are closely related since each instrument is created specifically for the architectural space in which it will be played. The highly specialized knowledge and skills related to the practice have been developed by craftspeople, composers and musicians working together throughout history, and the specialized and mostly informally-transmitted knowledge and skills are significant markers of group identity. Transcultural by its very nature, organ music is a universal language that fosters interreligious understanding. Though mostly associated with church services, concerts and modern cultural events, it is also played during important community-building festivities. There are 400 medium-sized craftspeople’s establishments in Germany, which guarantee its viability and transmission, as well as some larger family-owned workshops. Knowledge and skills related to the element are transmitted through a direct teacher-pupil experience, which is complemented by training in vocational schools and universities. Apprentices gain practical experience in organ construction workshops as well as theoretical knowledge in vocational schools, and efforts to safeguard the element also include teaching in universities and music academies, conferences, and presentations via the media.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2017.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region