【欧洲·法国】登山Alpinism（2019年）

登山运动是一种在高山上攀登顶峰和墙壁的艺术，无论是在任何季节，还是在岩石或冰雪地带。它涉及身体、技术和智力能力，使用适当的技术、设备和高度特定的工具，如斧头和冰爪。登山运动是一种传统的体育运动，其特点是共享文化，包括高山环境知识、运动历史和相关价值观以及特定技能。了解自然环境、不断变化的天气条件和自然灾害也很重要。登山运动也基于美学方面：登山者追求优雅的攀爬动作、对风景的沉思以及与自然环境的和谐。该实践基于每个人的承诺，动员道德原则，例如不留下任何持久的痕迹，并承担在从业者中提供帮助的责任。登山运动员心态的另一个重要组成部分是团队精神，就像连接登山运动员的绳子一样。大多数社区成员都属于阿尔卑斯山俱乐部，这些俱乐部在全世界传播阿尔卑斯山的习俗。这些俱乐部组织团体出游，传播实用信息，并为各种出版物撰稿，为登山文化提供动力。自20世纪以来，这三个国家的阿尔卑斯山俱乐部通过频繁的双边或三方会议在不同层面上建立了关系。

2019年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Alpinism is the art of climbing up summits and walls in high mountains, in all seasons, in rocky or icy terrain. It involves physical, technical and intellectual abilities, using appropriate techniques, equipment and highly specific tools such as axes and crampons. Alpinism is a traditional, physical practice characterized by a shared culture made up of knowledge of the high-mountain environment, the history of the practice and associated values, and specific skills. Knowledge about the natural environment, changing weather conditions, and natural hazards is also essential. Alpinism is also based on aesthetic aspects: alpinists strive for elegant climbing motions, contemplation of the landscape, and harmony with the natural environment. The practice mobilizes ethical principles based on each individual’s commitment, such as leaving no lasting traces behind, and assuming the duty to provide assistance among practitioners. Another essential part of the alpinist mindset is the sense of team spirit, as represented by the rope connecting the alpinists. Most community members belong to alpine clubs, which spread alpine practices worldwide. The clubs organize group outings, disseminate practical information and contribute to various publications, acting as a driving force for alpinist culture. Since the 20th century, alpine clubs in all three countries have cultivated relationships through frequent bilateral or trilateral meetings at various levels.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2019.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region