【欧洲·捷克】斯洛伐克和捷克的木偶戏 Puppetry in Slovakia and Czechia（2016年）

斯洛伐克和捷克社区木偶剧院不仅是一种受欢迎的传统娱乐形式，也是一种传达世界愿景的方式，也是一种教育工具，传达道德价值观的信息。木偶的角色是真实的或虚构的，大多由木头制成，并使用各种方法制作动画。这种做法的最初承担者是旅行木偶演员的家庭，他们的作品后来在语言和主题上吸收了当地的影响，即使用具有鲜明特点的滑稽人物。木偶戏是斯洛伐克和捷克当地戏剧和文学传统的组成部分。它在社会化方面也发挥着重要作用，帮助表演者发展为创造性思维者，学习合作、沟通，并加强他们在社会中的认同感。木偶戏与其他传统仪式和节日活动（如节日日、市场和集市）相结合，如今有许多不同的形式，但仍然借鉴了传统。练习者包括表演者、剧作家、木偶和服装制作者，以及舞台设计师。技能通过表演者社区内的模仿和实践来传播，而在斯洛伐克，传统的木偶王朝也会通过非营利组织和音乐艺术学校举办的讲习班来传播。

2016年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Puppet theatre for communities in Slovakia and Czechia is not only a popular form of traditional entertainment but also a way of conveying a vision of the world, and an educational tool with messages on moral values. The puppets, whose characters are real or imaginary, are mostly made of wood and animated using various methods. Initial bearers of the practice were families of travelling puppeteers whose works later absorbed local influences in language and themes using namely comical figures with distinct characteristics. Puppet theatre is an integral part of Slovak and Czech local theatre and literary tradition. It also plays an important role in socialization, helping performers to develop as creative thinkers and learn about cooperation, communication and to strengthen their sense of identity in society. Featuring with other traditional rituals and festive events like feast days, markets and fairs, puppet shows today come in many different forms but still draw from tradition. Practice bearers include performers, playwrights, puppet and costume makers, as well as stage designers. Skills are transmitted by imitation and practice within performer communities, while in Slovakia also transmission takes place in traditional puppetry dynasties, as well as through workshops run by not-for-profit organizations and music and arts schools.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2016.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region