【欧洲·捷克】圣诞树装饰玻璃珠的手工吹制 Handmade production of Christmas tree decorations from blown glass beads（2020年）

用吹制玻璃珠手工制作圣诞树装饰物是指手工制作的圣诞树装饰物，通过将插入黄铜模具中的加热玻璃管吹制成一串称为klaustschata的珠子，并进行镀银、着色和手工装饰而成。然后将串珠切割成较短或单个的珠子，并将其拧在金属丝上，从而形成多种形式的装饰物。这种传统工艺被认为是北波希米亚巨人和吉泽拉山脉地区的一个关键文化元素，自18世纪末以来，这里就一直在生产吹制玻璃珠。这种工艺非常专业，技术要求也很高。这种元素在家族中代代相传。小型生产车间也是这种元素的承载者，但只有一个在社会主义经济转型时期幸存下来。库哈夫ý家庭作坊设法挽救了这一知识，并继续与国内珠子制造商合作，以维护这一传统。文化教育机构，尤其是博物馆，也通过组织研讨会来帮助传播相关知识。这类圣诞饰品的创作出现在传说中的山区统治者克拉科诺什的民间故事中。

2020年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Handmade production of Christmas tree decorations from blown glass beads refers to handmade Christmas tree decorations that are produced by blowing a heated glass tube inserted in a brass mould shaped into a string of beads called klaustschata and silvered, coloured and hand decorated. The string of beads is then cut into shorter or individual beads, which are threaded onto wires, thus forming ornaments of many forms. Considered as a key cultural element of the Giant and Jizera Mountain regions in North Bohemia, where blown glass beads have been produced since the late eighteenth century, the traditional craft is specialized and technically demanding. The element has been passed down through families for generations. Small production workshops were also bearers of the element, but only one survived the era when the socialist economy was undergoing transformation. The Kulhavý family workshop managed to rescue the knowledge and continues to work with domestic bead makers to safeguard the tradition. Cultural educational institutions, particularly museums, also help transmit the associated knowledge by organizing workshops. The creation of Christmas ornaments such as these appear in folk tales about Krakonoš, the legendary ruler of the mountains.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2020.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region.