【欧洲·捷克】赫林奈科地区村庄的挨家串户的忏悔节假面游行 Shrovetide door-to-door processions and masks in the villages of the Hlinecko area（2010年）

Shrovetide游行在捷克共和国东部波希米亚的Hlinecko镇和附近六个村庄举行。这种流行的狂欢节习俗发生在冬季结束时的什罗维提德，也就是基督教四旬斋之前的时期。村里的男人和男孩们戴着描绘传统人物的面具（男孩戴红色面具，已婚男子戴黑色面具），在铜管乐队的陪伴下，在村子里挨家挨户地走来走去。游行队伍在每家每户都停了下来，其中四名男子在获得户主许可的情况下表演仪式舞蹈，以确保家庭获得丰收和繁荣。作为回报，蒙面男子会得到款待并收取费用。一场象征性的“杀母马”仪式发生在最后一所房子被参观之后，在此期间，母马因其所指控的罪行而受到谴责，并宣读了一份幽默和主题性的遗嘱。在“处决”之后，母马被酒精唤醒，标志着一场舞蹈的开始，面具与旁观者嬉戏。18世纪和19世纪，天主教会和20世纪的社会主义政府相继禁止了什罗维梯游行，这些游行在确保村庄社区内的凝聚力方面发挥了重要作用。年轻人和儿童帮助准备，父母为他们的儿子复制传统口罩。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Shrovetide processions take place in the town of Hlinsko and six nearby villages in the Hlinecko area of Eastern Bohemia in the Czech Republic. This popular carnival custom takes place at the end of winter, during Shrovetide – the period just before the Christian Lent. Village men and boys, disguised in masks that depict traditional characters (red masks for boys and black for married men), go from door to door around the village, accompanied by a brass band. The procession stops at each house and four of the men perform a ritual dance, with the householder’s permission, to secure a rich harvest and prosperity for the family. In return, the masked men receive treats and collect a fee. A symbolic ‘Killing of the Mare’ ritual takes place after the last house has been visited, during which a mare is condemned for its alleged sins and a humorous and topical testament is read out. Following the ‘execution’ the mare is revived with alcohol, signalling the commencement of a dance as the masks frolic with onlookers. The Shrovetide processions – banned in turn by the Catholic Church in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and by the socialist government in the twentieth century – play an important role in securing cohesion within the village community. Young people and children help with the preparations and parents make copies of traditional masks for their sons.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region