【欧洲·比利时】比利时啤酒文化 Beer culture in Belgium（2016年）

制作和欣赏啤酒是比利时各地一系列社区的活遗产的一部分。它在日常生活和节日场合中都发挥着作用。该国使用不同的发酵方法生产了近1500种啤酒。自80年代以来，工艺啤酒变得特别受欢迎。有些地区以其独特的品种而闻名，而一些特拉普派社区也参与了啤酒生产，为慈善机构提供利润。此外，啤酒还可用于烹饪，包括制作啤酒洗奶酪等产品，如葡萄酒，可与食物搭配，以补充风味。有几个啤酒商组织在广泛的层面上与社区合作，倡导负责任的啤酒消费。可持续实践也已成为文化的一部分，鼓励可回收包装，并采用新技术减少生产过程中的用水。除了在家庭和社交圈中传播外，知识和技能也由酿酒大师传授，他们在酿酒厂开设课程、针对该领域和一般酒店业相关人员的专门大学课程、面向企业家的公共培训课程，以及面向业余酿酒师的小型测试酿酒厂。

2016年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Making and appreciating beer is part of the living heritage of a range of communities throughout Belgium. It plays a role in daily life, as well as festive occasions. Almost 1,500 types of beer are produced in the country using different fermentation methods. Since the 80s, craft beer has become especially popular. There are certain regions, which are known for their particular varieties while some Trappist communities have also been involved in beer production giving profits to charity. In addition, beer is used for cooking including in the creation of products like beer-washed cheese and, as in the case of wine, can be paired with foods to compliment flavours. Several organizations of brewers exist who work with communities on a broad level to advocate responsible beer consumption. Sustainable practice has also become part of the culture with recyclable packaging encouraged and new technologies to reduce water usage in production processes. Besides being transmitted in the home and social circles, knowledge and skills are also passed down by master brewers who run classes in breweries, specialized university courses that target those involved in the field and hospitality in general, public training programmes for entrepreneurs and small test breweries for amateur brewers.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2016.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region