【欧洲·奥地利】雪崩风险管理 Avalanche risk management（2018年）

雪崩风险管理塑造了阿尔卑斯山居民的身份，因为每年冬天，他们都要应对雪崩对居民、游客、通讯工具和其他重要基础设施构成的威胁。由于阿尔卑斯山人口稠密，雪崩现象是主要问题，也是社区的集体责任。几个世纪以来，当地居民和高地人发展了当地经验知识、管理和风险规避策略以及文化实践，以防范雪崩危害。如今，测量仪器和风险图等现代工具补充了传统知识，知识承载者继续在实地开发和调整传统知识。这一因素在有关社区的日常文化中根深蒂固，并强调了在危机局势中团结一致的重要性。评估雪崩风险需要充分了解自然，尤其是地形、雪、天气条件和过去的雪崩。虽然这种知识曾经是口头传播的，但如今它是经验知识和实践经验相结合的动态过程的结果：知识从科学转移到实践，从地面转移到研究。提供了大量培训活动，感兴趣的人可以获得广泛的信息来源，如雪崩公告、媒体、清单、网站、媒体、手册和展览。

2018年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Avalanche risk management has shaped the identity of Alpine populations, as every winter they deal with the threat avalanches pose to inhabitants, tourists, means of communication and other vital infrastructure. Since the Alps are densely populated, the phenomenon of avalanches is a prime concern and a collective responsibility of the communities. For centuries, inhabitants and highlanders have developed local empirical knowledge, management and risk-avoidance strategies as well as cultural practices to guard themselves against avalanche hazards. Nowadays, modern tools such as measurement instruments and risk mapping complement traditional knowledge, which continues to be developed and adjusted on the ground by knowledge bearers. The element is entrenched in the everyday culture of the communities concerned and underscores the importance of solidarity in crisis situations. Assessing avalanche risks requires a sound knowledge of nature, especially the terrain, snow, weather conditions and past avalanches. While that knowledge was once transmitted verbally, nowadays it is the result of a dynamic process combining empirical knowledge and practical experience: knowledge is transferred from science to practice, and from the ground to research. Numerous training activities are offered, and those interested have access to a wide range of information sources such as avalanche bulletins, the media, checklists, websites, media, manuals and exhibitions.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2018.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region