【欧洲·葡萄牙】冬季节庆：波登西狂欢节 Winter festivities, Carnival of Podence（2019年）

冬季庆典，波登斯狂欢节是一种社会实践，最初是作为男性的成年仪式。现在，它已扩展到妇女和儿童，并已根据其当代背景进行了调整。这个节日与庆祝冬天的结束和春天的到来联系在一起，在村里的街道上和互相拜访的邻居家里举行，为期三天。表演中，卡雷托斯模仿传统的蒙面角色，围着戴着牛铃的女性跳舞，有节奏地移动她们的臀部。这个动作可能与古老的生育仪式有象征性的联系，由面具后面的人进行，作为与他人匿名互动的一种方式。卡雷托人戴着马口铁或皮革面具，服装上覆盖着五颜六色的羊毛流苏和小铃铛。周一晚上，有一场戏剧，一群男人宣布一份虚构的订婚夫妇名单，对他们进行讽刺，并引发集体笑声。在Shrove周二，一些人把自己伪装成“matrafonas”，一个来自乡村嘉年华会的蒙面人物。周二下午，焚毁一尊什罗维提德雕像的仪式开始了，卡雷托斯一行随后在朋友和亲戚的家中四处走动。嘉年华的参与始于儿童时期，Caretos协会团体的活动大大增加了传播机会。

2019年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Winter festivities, Carnival of Podence is a social practice which initially functioned as a rite of passage for men. Now extended to women and children, it has been readjusted to its contemporary context. The festivity is associated with the celebration of the end of winter and the arrival of spring and takes place over three days in the streets of the village and in the houses of neighbours who visit each other. During the performance, the Caretos – modelled on the traditional masked character – dance around women with their cowbells, rhythmically moving their hips. Possibly connected symbolically to old fertility rites, this action is performed by those behind the mask as a way of interacting with others anonymously. The Caretos wear tinplate or leather masks, costumes covered with colourful wool fringes and small bells. On the Monday night, there is a theatrical play, when a group of men announce a fictional list of engaged couples, satirizing them and eliciting collective laughter. On Shrove Tuesday, some people mask themselves as ‘matrafonas’, a masked character from rural carnivals. On Tuesday afternoon, the ritual of the burning of a Shrovetide figure takes place, and the group of Caretos then goes around the homes of friends and relatives. Participation in the Carnival begins during childhood, and the activities of the Group of Caretos Association have considerably boosted opportunities for transmission.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2019.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region