【欧洲·葡萄牙】“Estremoz”泥塑技艺 Craftmanship of Estremoz clay figures（2017年）

Estremoz泥塑的制作工艺需要持续数天的生产过程：在将泥塑放入电烤箱中烧制之前，将其元素组装起来，然后由工匠进行喷漆，并涂上无色清漆。泥塑人物穿着阿伦特乔的地区服装或基督教宗教肖像的服装，并遵循特定主题。埃斯特雷莫斯的泥人创作可以追溯到17世纪，这些泥人非常独特的审美特征使他们可以立即识别。该工艺与阿伦特约地区紧密相连，因为绝大多数人物描绘了自然元素、当地贸易和事件、流行传统和信仰。通过非正规教育讲习班和工匠们的教学活动，以及埃斯特雷莫斯泥塑欣赏和保护中心，确保了该工艺的可行性和认可度。在地方、国家和国际各级举办了博览会。知识和技能在家庭作坊和专业环境中传播，工匠通过非正规培训活动教授他们的手艺基础知识。工匠们积极参与在学校、博物馆、博览会和其他活动中组织的提高认识活动。

2017年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The Craftsmanship of Estremoz Clay Figures involves a production process lasting several days: the elements of the figures are assembled before being fired in an electric oven and then painted by the artisan and covered with a colourless varnish. The clay figures are dressed in the regional attires of Alentejo or the clothing of religious Christian iconography, and follow specific themes. The production of clay figures in Estremoz dates back to the seventeenth century, and the very characteristic aesthetic features of the figures make them immediately identifiable. The craft is strongly attached to the Alentejo region, since the vast majority of the figures depict natural elements, local trades and events, popular traditions and devotions. The viability and recognition of the craft are ensured through non-formal education workshops and pedagogical initiatives by the artisans, as well as by the Centre for the Appreciation and Safeguarding of the Estremoz Clay Figure. Fairs are organized at the local, national and international levels. Knowledge and skills are transmitted both in family workshops and professional contexts, and artisans teach the basics of their craft through non-formal training initiatives. Artisans are actively involved in awareness-raising activities organized in schools, museums, fairs and other events.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2017.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region