【欧洲·荷兰】风车和水车磨坊主技艺 Craft of the miller operating windmills and watermills（2017年）

磨坊主操作风车和水车的工艺包括操作磨坊并使其处于良好维修状态所需的知识和技能。随着越来越多的人靠这种手艺谋生，如今的磨坊主在传播这种习俗的文化历史方面也发挥着关键作用。目前约有40名专业磨坊主；他们和志愿者一起，让磨坊主的手艺活了下来。义工磨坊公会在该领域拥有约105名导师，11名磨坊大师目前在荷兰活跃。磨坊，以及磨坊的工艺，在荷兰社会中扮演着重要的社会和文化角色，具有标志性的价值，有助于形成身份感和连续性。开展各种保障活动，包括培训、支持和能力建设、学校教育活动和实习。传统上，磨坊主的手艺由师傅传给学徒，但自1972年成立志愿者磨坊人协会以来，近2000名志愿者获得了磨坊主资格；任何对这种工艺感兴趣的人都可以申请培训。该协会为磨坊主提供支持，使他们的知识保持最新，例如通过参观磨坊、夜间理论课、会议等方式。

2017年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The craft of the miller operating windmills and watermills involves the knowledge and skills necessary to operate a mill and maintain it in a good state of repair. With a declining number of people earning their livelihood from the craft, millers today also play a key role in transmitting the cultural history of the practice. There are currently approximately forty professional millers; together with volunteers, they keep the miller’s craft alive. The Guild of Volunteer Millers has around 105 instructors in the field, and 11 Master Millers are now active in the Netherlands. Mills, and therefore the miller’s craft, play a significant social and cultural role in Dutch society and have an iconic value, contributing to a sense of identity and continuity. Various safeguarding activities are undertaken, including training, support and capacity building, educational activities in schools and traineeships. Traditionally, the miller’s craft was transmitted from master to apprentice but since the establishment of the Guild of Volunteer Millers in 1972, almost 2000 volunteers have obtained a miller’s qualification; anyone interested in the craft can apply for training. The Guild offers millers support in keeping their knowledge up-to-date, for example through excursions to mills, evening theory classes, conferences and meetings.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2017.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region