【非洲·布基纳法索】马里、布基纳法索及科特迪瓦塞努福人非洲木琴相关的文化实践与表现形式 Cultural practices and expressions linked to the balafon of the Senufo communities of Mali, Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire（2012年）

马里、布基纳法索和科特迪瓦塞努福社区的巴拉丰是一种五声木琴，在当地被称为ncegele。ncegele由11到21把不同长度的钥匙组成，钥匙由木头制成，并排列在梯形框架上，同样由木头或竹子制成。该乐器有大小不一的葫芦谐振器，按照键的比例排列在框架下方。葫芦上穿孔，孔上覆盖着蜘蛛的卵囊丝，以增强声音。ncegele的调音是基于将八度音程分成五个相等的间隔，声音是通过用木棍敲击按键产生的，木棍的末端装有橡胶搅拌器。独奏或作为合奏的一部分，巴拉丰的音乐论述基于一系列多种节奏的旋律。ncegele在庆祝活动中提供娱乐，在教区和圣林中伴随祈祷，激发工作热情，在葬礼音乐中添加标点符号，并在日常活动中支持指导社会和个人的价值体系、传统、信仰、习惯法和道德规则。在老师的指导下，玩家首先学习玩儿童巴拉芬，然后学习全尺寸巴拉芬。

2012年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The balafon of the Senufo communities of Mali, Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire is a pentatonic xylophone, known locally as the ncegele. The ncegele is composed of eleven to twenty-one keys of varying lengths, made of wood, and arranged on a trapezoidal frame, also made of wood or bamboo. The instrument has calabash gourd resonators of varying sizes, arranged beneath the frame proportionally to the keys. The gourds are perforated and the holes are covered with spider’s egg-sac filaments to enhance the sound. The tuning of the ncegele is based on a division of the octave into five equal intervals, and the sounds are produced by striking the keys with wooden sticks with a rubber beater fitted to the end. Played solo or as part of an ensemble, the musical discourse of the balafon is based on a range of multiple rhythmic melodies. The ncegele provides entertainment during festivities, accompanies prayers in the parishes and in sacred woods, stimulates enthusiasm for work, punctuates funerary music and supports the teaching of value systems, traditions, beliefs, customary law, and rules of ethics governing society and the individual in day-to-day activities. The player first learns to play a children’s balafon, later moving on to full-size balafons, under the instruction of a teacher.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2012.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region