【非洲·马里】马卡拉的面具和木偶 Coming forth of the masks and puppets in Markala2014年）

木偶和木偶在节日中表演，木偶和木偶表演的舞蹈和舞蹈是以木偶和木偶表演为特色的。每个面具和木偶象征着人与自然之间的神圣联系，特定的动物体现了社会的特定美德。在旱季，年轻的新手会得到知识和指导，为他们过渡到成年做好准备。入会仪式在尼日尔河旁边的一片神圣的树林中举行，在那里，与这些仪式相关的知识和技能由长辈传授给年轻男孩。启蒙活动以向保护灵和神秘力量献祭结束，以获得成为训练有素的人的许可，准备戴上面具跳舞。仪式结束后，收获后的庆祝活动通过祈祷、音乐、圣歌和舞蹈为当地文化的多样表达提供了一个平台，预示着一个个体和集体捕鱼的时代。该仪式展示了马卡拉社区和邻近村庄多元文化身份的凝聚力、对话、宽容和连续性。它为节日聚会和交流提供了一个空间，以解决社区内和社区间的冲突，以及家庭争吵和误解。

2014年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The coming forth of the masks and puppets is a ritual festivity practised among the Bambara, Bozo, Marka and Somono communities in Markala, and is characterized by masked dances, drums and songs featuring dancers and puppeteers. Each mask and puppet symbolizes the sacred link between man and nature, with particular animals incarnating specific virtues of society. During the dry season, young neophytes receive knowledge and instruction to ready them for the transition to adulthood. The initiation takes place in a sacred wood next to the Niger River, where the knowledge and skills associated with these ritual practices are transmitted to young boys by their elders. The initiation closes with libations and offerings to protective spirits and occult forces to obtain permission to become trained men, ready to wear the mask and to dance. After the rites, post-harvest celebrations provide a platform for diverse expressions of local cultures, through prayer, music, chants and dances, heralding a period of individual and collective fishing. The ritual illustrates the cohesion, dialogue, tolerance and continuity of the plural cultural identities of the Markala communities and neighbouring villages. It offers a space for festive encounters and exchanges to resolve intra- and intercommunity conflicts, as well as family quarrels and misunderstandings.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2014.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region