【非洲·尼日尔】尼日尔戏谑的实践与表达 Practices and expressions of joking relationships in Niger（2014年）

尼日尔戏谑是一种在少数民族语言社区、团体和个人之间进行的社会实践，旨在促进博爱、团结和欢乐。它们的形式是来自两个社区的两个人之间的嬉戏嘲弄，象征着同一个家庭的丈夫和妻子交叉表亲分支。这种关系通常基于禁止特定社区之间冲突或战争的祖传契约，并意味着成员必须彼此相爱，并在需要时提供帮助。成员们有义务相互说出真相，一起开玩笑，集中各自的资产，知道任何争端都必须和平解决。在公共场所、田野、办公室、市场、水源地和家中，以及在婚礼、洗礼、仪式和葬礼、商业交易和文化娱乐活动等特殊场合，人们每天都会练习开玩笑。农历的第一个月是专门用来开玩笑的关系以及其他相关的仪式。玩笑关系以非正式方式代代相传，是和解与建设和平的工具，促进家庭、族裔群体和社区的团结与稳定。它们在年龄和等级方面促进社会平等，并促进代际对话。

2014年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Joking relationships are a social practice performed among ethnolinguistic communities, groups and individuals to promote fraternity, solidarity and conviviality. They take the form of a playful taunting between two people from two communities that represent symbolically the husband and wife cross-cousin branches of the same family. Such relationships are often based on ancestral pacts forbidding conflict or war between specific communities, and imply that the members must love one another and provide assistance where needed. The members have a duty to tell each other the truth, to joke together and to pool their respective assets, knowing that any dispute must be settled peacefully. Joking relationships are practised in public places, in the fields, offices, market places, at water sources and in the home, every day as well as on special occasions such as weddings, baptisms, ceremonies and funerals, commercial transactions, and cultural and entertainment events. The first lunar month is especially devoted to joking relationships along with other associated rituals. Transmitted informally from generation to generation, joking relationships are a tool for reconciliation and peace-building and promote the cohesion and stability of families, ethnic groups and communities. They foster social equality with regard to both age and hierarchy and promote intergenerational dialogue.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2014.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region