【非洲·尼日尔】关于图阿雷格部落伊姆扎德单弦提琴理论与实践 Practices and knowledge linked to the Imzad of the Tuareg communities of Algeria, Mali and Niger（2013年）

伊姆扎德音乐是图阿雷格人社区的一大特色，由女性用一种被称为伊姆扎德的单弦弓弦乐器演奏。音乐家坐在那里，把乐器放在膝盖上，用一个木制的拱形弓演奏。Imzad结合了音乐和诗歌，经常在图阿雷格人营地的仪式场合表演。该乐器为歌颂过去英雄的冒险和壮举的诗歌或流行歌曲提供旋律伴奏：歌曲由男性创作、朗诵或演唱，男性和女性都通过发出有节奏或高音的哭声参与。音乐也有治疗作用，播放音乐可以驱走邪灵，减轻病人的痛苦。Imzad的声音反映了球员的情绪和情绪，无法掌握表演被认为是一种不幸。女人们用半个干燥的挖空的葫芦制作乐器：在开口的一侧伸展一层皮，并用玫瑰花结形状的声音孔穿孔，然后加上一个V形的木桥。伊姆扎德的音乐知识是通过传统的观察和吸收方法口头传播的。

2013年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Imzad music is a characteristic feature of Tuareg communities and is performed by women on a single-stringed bowed instrument known as the Imzad. The musician sits with the instrument on her knees and plays it with a wooden, arched bow. Imzad combines music and poetry and is frequently performed on ceremonial occasions in Tuareg camps. The instrument provides melodic accompaniment to poetic or popular songs glorifying the adventures and feats of past heroes: the songs are composed, recited or sung by men, with both men and women participating by producing modulated or high-pitched cries. The music also has a therapeutic function, being played to drive away evil spirits and alleviate the pain of the sick. The sound of the Imzad reflects the player’s feelings and moods, and an inability to master a performance is considered a misfortune. Women craft the instrument from half a dried, hollowed-out gourd: a skin is stretched across the open side and pierced with sound holes in the shape of rosettes, and a wooden bridge in the shape of a V is then added. Imzad musical knowledge is transmitted orally according to traditional methods of observation and assimilation.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2013.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region