【非洲·佛得角】莫尔纳：佛得角的音乐习俗 Morna, musical practice of Cabo Verde（2019年）

莫纳，佛得角的音乐实践是佛得角传统的音乐和舞蹈实践，包括声音、音乐、诗歌和舞蹈的器乐伴奏。莫娜只能用乐器演唱或演奏，主要是和弦乐器，包括吉他、小提琴、十弦吉他，在20世纪被卡瓦金霍和四弦琴取代。现在还引入了其他几种乐器，如钢琴、打击乐器和贝斯，但吉他仍是首选乐器。抒情诗可以即兴创作，主题包括爱情、离别、分离、团聚、思念、海洋和祖国。虽然过去歌词也是用葡萄牙语创作的，但现在主要是用佛得角克里奥尔语创作的。这一元素的持有者和实践者包括乐器演奏者、歌手、诗人和作曲家，他们表演、传播并将这一实践传递给年轻一代。目前，一些持证人也开设了教学中心，作为一种体裁，Morna也由正式团体练习。Morna是佛得角社会和文化生活的一个基本方面，它在婚礼、洗礼和家庭团聚等关键生活事件中表演。社区通过讲习班、广播节目、表演、节日和在每个岛屿举行的名为“Todo Mundo Canta”的音乐比赛进行传播。

2019年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Morna, musical practice of Cabo Verde is a traditional Cape Verdean musical and choreographic practice with instrumental accompaniment that incorporates voice, music, poetry, and dance. Morna can be either sung or played only with instruments, mainly chordophones, including the guitar, violin, ten-string guitar, replaced with a cavaquinho in the twentieth century, and the ukulele. Several other instruments have now been introduced – such as the piano, percussion and bass – but the guitar remains the preferred instrument. The lyric poetry can be improvised, with topics including love, departure, separation, reunion, longing, the ocean and the motherland. While in the past the lyrics were also composed in Portuguese, nowadays it is mainly composed in Cape Verdean Creole. Bearers and practitioners of the element include instrument players, singers, poets, and composers, who perform, disseminate and transmit the practice to the younger generations. Currently, some bearers are also opening teaching centres, and as a genre Morna is also practised by formal groups. Morna is a fundamental aspect of Cape Verdean social and cultural life, as it performed at key life events, such as weddings, christenings, and family reunions. Transmission has been carried out by the community, through workshops, radio programmes, performances, festivals, and the musical contest entitled ‘Todo Mundo Canta’, which takes place on every island.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2019.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region