【非洲·阿尔及利亚】与古斯米的生产和消费有关的知识、技术和实践 Knowledge, know-how and practices pertaining to the production and consumption of couscous（2020年）

与蒸粗麦粉的生产和消费相关的知识、诀窍和实践包括相关社区中蒸粗麦粉的制备方法、生产条件和工具、相关人工制品和消费环境。准备蒸粗麦粉是一个仪式过程，涉及几个不同的操作。首先种植谷类作物，然后将种子磨碎，得到粗面粉，用手擀，蒸，然后煮熟。这些做法与一套专用工具、仪器和用具有关。根据地区、季节和场合的不同，这道菜配有各种蔬菜和肉类。如今，和过去一样，制作蒸粗麦粉所涉及的方法构成了通过观察和模仿非正式传播的知识和诀窍的总和。用于制造器皿：陶工制作粘土器皿，而木制器皿则由合作社或手工工厂生产，这些工厂通常为家族所有。然而，近几十年来，在家庭圈或家庭之外也出现了更正式的传播。元素的非烹饪方面——即仪式、口头表达和某些社会实践——也由承载者传递。蒸粗麦粉是一道充满符号、意义和社会文化层面的菜，所有这些都与团结、欢乐、共享美食和团聚有关。

2020年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The knowledge, know-how and practices pertaining to the production and consumption of couscous encompass the methods of preparation, manufacturing conditions and tools, associated artefacts and circumstances of consumption of couscous in the communities concerned. Preparing couscous is a ceremonial process involving several different operations. These begin with growing the cereal, after which the seeds are ground to obtain a semolina that is rolled by hand, steamed and then cooked. These practices are associated with a set of exclusive tools, instruments and utensils. The dish is accompanied by a variety of vegetables and meats, depending on the region, season and occasion. Nowadays, as in the past, the methods involved in preparing couscous constitute a sum of knowledge and know-how that is transmitted informally through observation and imitation. For the manufacture of the utensils: clay utensils are made by potters while wooden utensils are produced by cooperatives or artisanal factories, which are often family-owned. In recent decades, however, more formal transmission has also developed outside the family circle or home. The non-culinary aspects of the element – namely rituals, oral expressions and certain social practices – are also transmitted by the bearers. Couscous is a dish replete with symbols, meanings and social and cultural dimensions all linked to solidarity, conviviality, sharing meals and togetherness.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2020.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region.