【非洲·津巴布韦】制作和演奏拇指琴的艺术 Art of crafting and playing Mbira/Sansi, the finger-plucking traditional musical instrument in Malawi and Zimbabwe（2020年）

在马拉维和津巴布韦，手工艺和演奏传统乐器Mbira/Sansi的艺术在相关社区发挥着关键作用。基本的Mbira/Sansi乐器由一块木板组成，上面有金属键，乐器有时安装在葫芦/木制谐振器上。金属钥匙由匙柄、自行车轮辐或弹簧钢丝制成，钥匙由拇指或拇指和手指的组合拨动。Mbira/Sansi产生一种被认为是神秘、宁静和迷人的流体撞击声。音乐的一个重要特征是它的周期性，每一个新的主题重复都与上一个略有不同，并包含许多交织的旋律。该乐器可以单独演奏，也可以组合使用多种乐器。传统上，传播是通过家庭圈内的学徒制进行的。然而，如今，传播也通过正式的指导进行，一些学校还教授Mbira/Sansi制作和演奏。这些歌曲包含了重要的信息，例如，一些歌曲保护儿童不受不良行为的影响，而另一些歌曲则谴责社区中的负面行为。音乐也被用来传达过去发生的事件的信息。无论何时何地演奏，Mbira/Sansi乐器都是谴责暴力和其他社会弊病的“武器”。

2020年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The art of crafting and playing Mbira/Sansi, the finger-plucking traditional musical instrument in Malawi and Zimbabwe, plays a key role in the communities concerned. The basic Mbira/Sansi instrument consists of a wooden board with metal keys attached on top, and the instrument is sometimes mounted on a calabash/wooden resonator. The metal keys are made from spoon handles, bicycle spokes or spring wire, and the keys are plucked using the thumbs or a combination of thumbs and fingers. The Mbira/Sansi produces a fluid percussive sound considered to be mystic, tranquil and enchanting. An important feature of the music is its cyclical nature, where each new repetition of a theme varies slightly from the last and incorporates numerous interwoven melodies. The instrument can be played on its own or with multiple instruments in a group. Traditionally, transmission has occurred through apprenticeship within the family circle. Today, however, transmission also takes place through formal coaching, and Mbira/Sansi making and playing is taught in some schools. The songs contain important messages, with some guarding children against bad behaviour while others condemn negative behaviour in the community for example. The music is also used to communicate information about events that happened in the past. Wherever and whenever it is played, the Mbira/Sansi instrument acts as a ‘weapon’ for condemning violence and other societal ills.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2020.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region.