【非洲·马拉维】马拉维的传统烹饪——恩西玛 Nsima, culinary tradition of Malawi（2017年）

Nsima是马拉维的烹饪传统，是马拉维人烹饪和饮食传统的复合名称，也是这一传统的单一组成部分的名称，一种用玉米粉制成的浓粥。Nsima是通过一个复杂的过程来制作的，需要特定的知识，从将玉米捣碎成面粉到选择伴随的食物，然后准备和食用。进餐时要遵守某些习俗，例如控制暴食，促进清洁和凝聚力。种植、储存、加工和制备Nsima玉米的过程与马拉维人的生活方式息息相关，食用Nsima是家庭中的共同传统，也是加强联系的机会。在很小的时候，女孩们就学会捣碎玉米或筛面粉来准备Nsima，而男孩们则会猎取动物作为伴奏。社区通过持续实践、出版有关Nsima的教科书和食谱、组织节日和振兴实践，确保保护该元素。马拉维的大多数餐馆的菜单上也有Nsima。与该要素有关的知识在成人和儿童之间通过非正式方式传播，并通过在职培训和教育进行传播。

2017年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Nsima, the Culinary Tradition of Malawi, is a compound name for the culinary and dietary tradition of Malawians as well as the name of a single component of this tradition, a form of thick porridge prepared with maize flour. Nsima is prepared through an elaborate process requiring specific knowledge, from pounding the maize into flour to selecting the accompanying food and then preparing and serving it. Certain customs are followed during mealtimes, for example to regulate gluttony and promote cleanliness and cohesion. The process of growing, storing, processing and preparing the maize from which Nsima is made is bound up with Malawians’ way of life, and eating Nsima is a communal tradition in families and an opportunity to strengthen bonds. At an early age, girls learn to pound maize or sift flour to prepare Nsima, while young boys hunt for animals to provide accompaniments. Communities ensure the safeguarding of the element through continued practice, the publication of schoolbooks and recipes on Nsima, the organization of festivals and the revitalization of the practice. Most restaurants in Malawi also feature Nsima on their menus. Knowledge relating to the element is transmitted informally between adults and children, and through on-the-job training and education.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2017.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region