【非洲·马达加斯加】卡巴里，马达加斯加的演说艺术 Malagasy Kabary, the Malagasy oratorical art（2021年）

马达加斯加语卡巴里是在观众面前进行的诗化演讲。它是高度结构化的，由谚语、格言、修辞数字和文字游戏组成。仪式式的演讲风格最初被领导者用来向社区介绍社会生活和管理。随着时间的推移，社区开始使用它进行交流和社交活动。因此，它与马达加斯加的社交生活密不可分，用于庆典、葬礼、官方仪式和流行活动。它的功能是表达赋予物质事实集体意义的价值观和思想。在实践中，马达加斯加语卡巴里是一种传统的对话，通常有两名演说家，或者说是一名奥林匹克演说家，在集会前进行。它可以持续几个小时，但在某些情况下（如葬礼期间），结构被简化为持续10分钟左右。虽然传统上由年长的精英男性表演，但如今越来越多的年轻人和女性表演。在家庭层面，当在所有世代都在场并参与演出的会议上表演时，它有助于凝聚力。在公共领域，它被视为加强群体和社区之间关系的一种手段，创造一种共享和凝聚力的氛围。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Malagasy kabary is a poeticized speech performed in front of an audience. It is highly structured and consists of proverbs, maxims, rhetorical figures and wordplay. The ritualistic style of speech was originally used by leaders to inform the community about social life and administration. Over time, communities started using it to communicate and for social events. It thus became inseparable from social life in Madagascar, used for festivities, funerals, official ceremonies and popular events. Its function is to express values and thoughts that give collective meaning to material facts. In practice, Malagasy kabary takes place as a conventional dialogue, usually involving two orators, or mpikabary, in front of a gathering. It can last several hours, but in certain circumstances (such as during funerals), the structure is simplified to last around ten minutes. Although traditionally performed by older, elite men, today it is increasingly performed by young people and women. At the family level, it contributes to cohesion when performed at meetings where all generations are present and partake in the performance. In the public sphere, it is viewed as a means of strengthening relationships between groups and communities, creating an atmosphere of sharing and cohesion.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region