【非洲·埃及】黑拉里亚史诗Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah epic（2008年）

“这首口述诗，也被称为希拉利史诗，讲述了巴尼·希拉尔·贝多因人部落的传奇故事，以及他们在10世纪从阿拉伯半岛迁移到北非的故事。这个部落在被摩洛哥对手消灭之前，在北非中部的大片领土上统治了一个多世纪在阿拉伯民间传统的基础上发展起来的《希拉利》是唯一一部以完整的音乐形式演奏的史诗。此外，它曾经在整个中东地区广泛传播，现在除了埃及以外，其他地方都消失了。

自14世纪以来，希拉利史诗一直由诗人在演奏打击乐器或双弦提琴（拉巴布）时吟唱诗句。表演在婚礼、割礼仪式和私人聚会上进行，可能持续数天。过去，从业者在家庭圈子里接受培训，表演史诗是他们唯一的收入来源。这些职业诗人在五岁时就开始了为期十年的学徒生涯。时至今日，学生们仍在接受特殊训练，以发展记忆技能并掌握他们的乐器。如今，他们还必须学会注入即兴评论，以使情节更符合当代观众的需要。

由于来自当代媒体的竞争，以及能够参与严格训练过程的年轻人越来越少，Hilali史诗的演员数量正在减少。在利润丰厚的埃及旅游业的压力下，诗人们倾向于放弃完整的希拉利剧目，转而选择作为民俗表演的一部分表演简短的段落。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

This oral poem, also known as the Hilali epic, recounts the saga of the Bani Hilal Bedouin tribe and its migration from the Arabian Peninsula to North Africa in the tenth century. This tribe held sway over a vast territory in central North Africa for more than a century before being annihilated by Moroccan rivals. As one of the major epic poems that developed within the Arabic folk tradition, the Hilali is the only epic still performed in its integral musical form. Moreover, once widespread throughout the Middle East, it has disappeared from everywhere except Egypt.

Since the fourteenth century, the Hilali epic has been performed by poets who sing the verses while playing a percussion instrument or a two-string spike fiddle (rabab). Performances take place at weddings, circumcision ceremonies and private gatherings, and may last for days. In the past, practitioners were trained within family circles and performed the epic as their only means of income. These professional poets began their ten-year apprenticeships at the age of five. To this day, students undergo special training to develop memory skills and to master their instruments. Nowadays, they must also learn to inject improvisational commentary in order to render plots more relevant to contemporary audiences.

The number of performers of the Hilali Epic is dwindling due to competition from contemporary media and to the decreasing number of young people able to commit to the rigorous training process. Pressured by the lucrative Egyptian tourist industry, poets tend to forsake the full Hilali repertory in favour of brief passages performed as part of folklore shows.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region