【亚洲·印度尼西亚】印度尼西亚配剑 Indonesian Kris（2008年）

“kris或keris是来自印度尼西亚的一把独特的不对称匕首。无论是武器还是精神物品，kris都被认为拥有魔力。已知的最早kris可追溯到10世纪，最有可能从爪哇岛传播到整个东南亚。

Kris刀片通常较窄，底部较宽且不对称。剑鞘通常由木材制成，但象牙甚至黄金的例子比比皆是。kris的美学价值包括dhapur（刀片的形状和设计，约有40种变体）、pamor（刀片上的金属合金装饰图案，约有120种变体）和tangguh（指kris的年龄和起源）。一个刀匠，或者叫empu，用不同的铁矿石和陨石镍分层制造刀片。在高质量的kris刀片中，金属被折叠数十次或数百次，并以最高的精度进行处理。Empus是非常受尊敬的工匠，在文学、历史和神秘科学方面拥有额外的知识。

克丽丝每天都会在特殊的仪式上佩戴，而传家宝刀锋则会代代相传。男人和女人都戴着。围绕着这把匕首，人们产生了丰富的精神和神话。Kris用于展示，作为具有魔力的护身符、武器、神圣的传家宝、宫廷士兵的辅助设备、仪式服装的配饰、社会地位的标志、英雄主义的象征等。

在过去的三十年里，克里斯已经失去了他们在社会中的一些突出的社会和精神意义。虽然在许多岛屿上仍然可以找到以传统方式生产高质量KRI的活跃且受尊敬的empus，但他们的数量正在急剧减少，而且他们更难找到可以向其传授技能的人。"

2008年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The kris or keris is a distinctive, asymmetrical dagger from Indonesia. Both weapon and spiritual object, the kris is considered to possess magical powers. The earliest known kris go back to the tenth century and most probably spread from the island of Java throughout South-East Asia.

Kris blades are usually narrow with a wide, asymmetrical base. The sheath is often made from wood, though examples from ivory, even gold, abound. A kris’ aesthetic value covers the dhapur (the form and design of the blade, with some 40 variants), the pamor (the pattern of metal alloy decoration on the blade, with approximately 120 variants), and tangguh referring to the age and origin of a kris. A bladesmith, or empu, makes the blade in layers of different iron ores and meteorite nickel. In high quality kris blades, the metal is folded dozens or hundreds of times and handled with the utmost precision. Empus are highly respected craftsmen with additional knowledge in literature, history and occult sciences.

Kris were worn everyday and at special ceremonies, and heirloom blades are handed down through successive generations. Both men and women wear them. A rich spirituality and mythology developed around this dagger. Kris are used for display, as talismans with magical powers, weapons, sanctified heirlooms, auxiliary equipment for court soldiers, accessories for ceremonial dress, an indicator of social status, a symbol of heroism, etc.

Over the past three decades, kris have lost some of their prominent social and spiritual meaning in society. Although active and honoured empus who produce high-quality kris in the traditional way can still be found on many islands, their number is dramatically decreasing, and it is more difficult for them to find people to whom they can transmit their skills.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2008.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region