【亚洲·印度尼西亚】印度尼西亚昂格隆 Indonesian Angklung（2010年）

Angklung（昂格隆）是一种印度尼西亚乐器，由两到四根竹管组成，悬挂在一个竹制框架内，用藤条绳捆绑。竹管是由一位技艺精湛的工匠精心削制而成，当竹制框架被摇动或敲击时，会产生特定的音符。每个Angklung产生一个音符或和弦，所以几个演奏者必须合作才能演奏旋律。传统的昂克龙使用五声音阶，但在1938年，音乐家Daeng Soetigna引入了使用全音阶的昂克龙；这些被称为angklung padaeng。Angklung（昂格隆）与印度尼西亚的传统习俗、艺术和文化身份密切相关，在水稻种植、收获和割礼等仪式上演奏。每年蝉鸣的两周时间里，会收获昂克隆特有的黑竹，并在地面上至少切割三段，以确保根继续繁殖。Angklung（昂格隆）教育是一代又一代的口头传播，并且越来越多地在教育机构中传播。由于Angklung音乐的协作性质，演奏促进了演奏者之间的合作和相互尊重，以及纪律、责任、专注、想象力和记忆力的发展，以及艺术和音乐感受。

2010年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Angklung is an Indonesian musical instrument consisting of two to four bamboo tubes suspended in a bamboo frame, bound with rattan cords. The tubes are carefully whittled and cut by a master craftsperson to produce certain notes when the bamboo frame is shaken or tapped. Each Angklung produces a single note or chord, so several players must collaborate in order to play melodies. Traditional Angklungs use the pentatonic scale, but in 1938 musician Daeng Soetigna introduced Angklungs using the diatonic scale; these are known as angklung padaeng. The Angklung is closely related to traditional customs, arts and cultural identity in Indonesia, played during ceremonies such as rice planting, harvest and circumcision. The special black bamboo for the Angklung is harvested during the two weeks a year when the cicadas sing, and is cut at least three segments above the ground, to ensure the root continues to propagate. Angklung education is transmitted orally from generation to generation, and increasingly in educational institutions. Because of the collaborative nature of Angklung music, playing promotes cooperation and mutual respect among the players, along with discipline, responsibility, concentration, development of imagination and memory, as well as artistic and musical feelings.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region