【亚洲·印度尼西亚】甘美兰 Gamelan（2021年）

甘美兰指的是传统的印度尼西亚打击乐团和使用的一套乐器。该乐团主要由手工锻造金属制成的华丽打击乐器组成，通常包括木琴、锣、锣、编钟、鼓、钹、弦乐器和竹笛。甘美兰音乐遵循有关调谐、布局、节奏和度量模式以及性能的精确规则和技术。例如，旋律由一组乐器同时演奏，多个乐器可能会互锁，形成单一的节奏。音乐由各个年龄段的男性、女性和儿童演奏，通常在宗教仪式、仪式、传统戏剧、节日和音乐会上演奏。它也被用于音乐治疗，被视为一种表达方式，以及在人类和宇宙之间建立联系的方式。甘美兰是几个世纪前印尼身份的一个组成部分；八世纪波罗浮屠神庙的浮雕中发现了这种做法的考古证据。从业者包括声乐家和乐器演奏家，以及乐器制造商和调谐器。作为民族自豪感的重要来源，甘美兰继续通过非正式和正式教育，包括校内和课外活动，代代相传。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Gamelan refers to the traditional Indonesian percussion orchestra and to the set of musical instruments used. Consisting primarily of ornate, percussive instruments made of hand-forged metal, the ensemble typically includes xylophones, gongs, gong-chimes, drums, cymbals, string instruments and bamboo flutes. Gamelan music follows precise rules and techniques regarding tuning, layout, rhythmic and metric patterns and performance. For instance, the melody is played simultaneously by a group of instruments and multiple instruments may play interlocking parts to form a single rhythm. The music is played by men, women and children of all ages, and is typically performed in religious rituals, ceremonies, traditional theatre, festivals and concerts. It is also used for music therapy and is viewed as a means of expression and as a way of establishing a connection between humans and the universe. Gamelan is an integral part of Indonesian identity dating back centuries; archaeological evidence of the practice has been found in the relief sculptures of the eighth-century Borobudur temple. Practitioners include vocalists and instrumentalists, as well as instrument-makers and tuners. An important source of national pride, Gamelan continues to be passed down from generation to generation through informal and formal education, including in school and after-school activities.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region