【亚洲·印度尼西亚】巴厘岛的三种传统舞蹈 Three genres of traditional dance in Bali（2015年）

巴厘岛的传统舞蹈有三种类型——神圣的、半神圣的和供广大社区欣赏的。巴厘岛的传统舞蹈由穿着传统服装的男女舞蹈演员表演，服装由色彩鲜艳的布组成，布上绘有金色的花卉和动物图案，配以金叶和珠宝饰品。舞蹈灵感来自大自然，象征着特定的传统、习俗和宗教价值观。它们结合了多种不同的动作，包括膝盖朝外、腹部向内的基本姿势、不同节奏和方向的运动、动态变化的过渡动作，以及显示快乐、悲伤、愤怒的眼动面部表情，恐惧和爱——伴随着加梅兰的音乐。除了技术娴熟的舞蹈演员外，表演者还必须具有魅力、谦逊和自律，以及一种能让表演充满活力的特殊精神能量。在巴厘岛社区，舞蹈主要以非正式的方式在群体内从很小的时候就传播给儿童。训练从基本的舞蹈动作和姿势开始，然后进行到更复杂的舞蹈。课程继续进行，直到学生们记住了动作的顺序。巴厘岛的传统舞蹈为参与者提供了坚实的文化身份，这是基于他们对保护祖先文化遗产的理解。

2015年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

There are three genres of traditional Balinese dance – sacred, semi-sacred and that meant for enjoyment by communities at large. Traditional Balinese dances are performed by male and female dancers dressed in traditional costumes consisting of brightly coloured cloth painted with gold floral and faunal motifs, with gold-leafed and jewelled accessories. The dances are inspired by nature and symbolize particular traditions, customs and religious values. They combine a variety of different movements including a basic posture with the knees outward and the stomach held in, locomotive movements in different tempos and directions, transitional movements with dynamic changes, and facial expressions with eye movements revealing happiness, sadness, anger, fear and love – all accompanied by the music of the gamelan. In addition to being technically-skilled dancers, performers must have charisma, humility and discipline and a special spiritual energy that enlivens the performance. In Balinese communities, dances are mainly transmitted informally to children from an early age, within groups. Training begins with basic dance movements and positions and progresses to more intricate dances. The sessions continue until the students have memorized the sequence of movements. Traditional Balinese dances provide participants with a solid cultural identity grounded in the understanding that they are safeguarding the cultural heritage of their ancestors.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2015.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region