【亚洲·泰国】孔剧，泰国面具舞蹈剧 Khon, masked dance drama in Thailand（2018年）

泰国的孔氏蒙面舞剧孔氏是一种集音乐、声乐、文学、舞蹈、仪式和手工艺于一体的表演艺术。孔的表演——包括优雅的舞蹈动作、器乐和声乐表演以及闪亮的服装——描绘了罗摩的荣耀，罗摩是毗湿奴神的英雄和化身，他为世界带来了秩序和正义。许多情节描述了罗摩的生活，包括他在森林中的旅程、他的猴子大军，以及他与巨人之王托萨坎大军的战斗。在一个层面上，孔代表了几个世纪以来暹罗/泰国宫廷培育的高级艺术，而在另一个层面上，作为一种戏剧表演，它可以被来自不同社会背景的观众解读和欣赏。孔具有很强的教育功能，加强了对更高年龄和地位的人的尊重、领导者和追随者之间的相互依赖、统治者的荣誉以及善战胜恶的胜利。传统上，孔在王室或王宫以及舞蹈大师的家庭中传播。然而，如今，传播主要发生在教育机构，但仍主要遵循传统方法。为了确保这一做法的持续性，我们做出了协调一致的努力，包括建立培训和表演俱乐部，帮助接触年轻人。

2018年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Khon, the Khon Masked Dance Drama in Thailand, is a performing art that combines musical, vocal, literary, dance, ritual and handicraft elements. Khon performances – which involve graceful dance movements, instrumental and vocal renditions and glittering costumes – depict the glory of Rama, the hero and incarnation of the god Vishnu, who brings order and justice to the world. The many episodes depict Rama’s life, including his journey in the forest, his army of monkeys, and his fights with the army of Thosakan, king of the giants. On one level, Khon represents high art cultivated by the Siamese/Thai courts over centuries, while at another level, as a dramatic performance, it can be interpreted and enjoyed by spectators from different social backgrounds. Khon has a strong didactic function, reinforcing respect for those of a higher age and status, mutual dependence between leaders and followers, the honour of rulers and the triumph of good over evil. Traditionally, Khon was transmitted in the royal or princely courts, and in dance masters’ households. Today, however, transmission occurs mostly in educational institutions, while still adhering largely to traditional methods. Concerted efforts are made to ensure the continuity of the practice, including through the establishment of training and performance clubs that help reach out to young people.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2018.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region