【亚洲·蒙古国】传统的蒙古包制作工艺及其相关习俗 Traditional craftsmanship of the Mongol Ger and its associated customs（2013年）

蒙古革的工艺是一种传统的企业，涉及家庭或群体的劳动，男性雕刻木材，女性和男性都从事绘画、缝纫和毛毡制作。Ger是一个圆形结构，由墙壁、电线杆和尖顶屋顶组成，屋顶覆盖着帆布和毛毡，并用绳子固定。它足够轻，游牧民族可以携带；足够灵活，可以折叠和打包；坚固到可以拆卸和重新组装。蒙古包能抵挡住蒙古猛烈的春风。整个国家的建筑结构都是一样的：一个涂有传统装饰物并加以装饰的木框架，由白色毛毡和帆布制成的盖子，动物毛绳，手工缝制的毛毡地板和地毯，以及家具。传统工艺主要通过资深工匠的指导传授给年轻一代。拆卸和重新组装Ger始终是家庭作业，孩子们通过观察长辈来学习。切割和准备羊毛、制作毛毡、缝合帆布和准备木制品通常是公共工作。蒙古格尔作为一种传统民居，在游牧家庭中发挥着重要的社会和文化作用，其制造者受到高度尊重。

2013年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Craftsmanship of the Mongol Ger is a traditional enterprise involving the labour of a household or group, with men carving the wood and both women and men engaged in painting, sewing and stitching, and felt-making. The Ger is a round structure of walls, poles and a peaked roof covered with canvas and felt, and tightened with ropes. It is light enough for nomads to carry; flexible enough to fold and pack; and sturdy enough to be dismantled and reassembled. The Ger can withstand Mongolia’s fierce spring winds. The structure is the same across the country: a wooden frame painted and decorated with traditional ornamentation, covers made of white felt and canvas, ropes of animal hair, flooring and carpets of hand-sewn felt, and furniture. Traditional craftsmanship is taught to the younger generations, principally through mentoring by a senior craftsperson. Dismantling and reassembling the Ger are always family operations, with children learning by watching their elders. Cutting and preparing sheep’s wool, making felt, stitching canvas and preparing woodwork are usually communal endeavours. As a traditional dwelling, the Mongol Ger plays an important social and cultural role for nomadic families and its makers are highly respected.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2013.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region