【亚洲·塔吉克斯坦】L'Oshi Palav传统菜及相关社会文化习俗 Oshi Palav, a traditional meal and its social and cultural contexts in Tajikistan（2016年）

Oshi palav（pilaf）是塔吉克斯坦社区的传统菜肴，被视为其文化遗产的一部分。它以蔬菜、大米、肉类和香料的食谱为基础，也被称为“三餐之王”，但这道菜的品种多达200种。oshi palav被认为是一种包容性的做法，旨在将不同背景的人聚集在一起，它准备在正常的用餐时间、社交聚会、庆祝活动和仪式上享用。这道菜对塔吉克斯坦社区的重要性体现在“没有Osh，就没有熟人”或“如果你吃了别人的Osh，你必须尊重他们40年”等谚语中。成群结队的男人或女人在家里或茶馆里准备这道菜，同时进行社交活动、演奏音乐和唱歌。除了烹饪学校从师傅到学徒，与烹饪相关的知识和技能在家庭中代代相传。一旦学徒掌握了oshi palav，学徒就会为培训师和客人举办晚宴，培训师会收到一顶骷髅帽和一件传统服装，而学徒会收到一个撇渣器（烹饪oshi palav的工具），象征着学徒的独立性。

2016年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Oshi palav (pilaf) is a traditional dish of communities in Tajikistan recognized as a part of their cultural heritage. Otherwise known as the ‘King of meals’, it is based on a recipe using vegetables, rice, meat and spices but up to 200 varieties of the dish exist. Considered an inclusive practice that aims to bring people of different backgrounds together, oshi palav is prepared to be enjoyed at regular mealtimes, as well as social gatherings, celebrations and rituals. The importance of the dish to communities in Tajikistan is indicative in sayings such as “No Osh, no acquaintance” or “If you have eaten Osh from somebody, you must respect them for 40 years”. Groups of men or women prepare the dish either in their homes or at teahouses while socalizing or playing music and singing. Knowledge and skills associated with the practice is transmitted on an intergenerational basis in families, in addition to cooking schools from master to apprentice. Once an apprentice masters oshi palav, the apprentice hosts a dinner for the trainer and guests during which the trainer receives a skull-cap and traditional dress while the apprentice receives a skimmer (a tool for cooking oshi palav) symbolizing the apprentice’s independence.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2016.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region