【亚洲·塔吉克斯坦】法拉克 Falak（2021年）

法拉克，意为“天堂”、“财富”和“宇宙”，是塔吉克斯坦山区人民的传统民间音乐。这种富有表现力和哲理的音乐体裁可以由男性或女性独奏者表演，可以是无伴奏，也可以由单一乐器伴奏或合奏和舞者表演。法拉克歌曲的特点是音域很广，通常与爱、痛苦、苦难、故乡、分离以及父母和孩子或两个情人重聚的希望有关。法拉克表演使用的乐器包括传统的塔吉基斯塔尼打击乐器和弦乐乐器，如小提琴和长笛。法拉克表演者，也被称为法拉克孔，是传统的歌手和乐器演奏家，他们在节日、仪式和仪式活动中表演法拉克。然而，音乐可以在许多场合演奏，包括在野外工作或在山上照看牛群时，或在宴会和社交聚会期间。它也在一年一度的“法拉克节”期间表演。法拉克被视为山区社区的一种心态和身份标志。这一传统在家庭内部通过正规教育代代相传。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Falak, meaning ‘heaven’, ‘fortune’ and ‘universe’, is the traditional folklore music of the mountain people of Tajikistan. The expressive and philosophical musical genre may be performed by a male or female soloist, either acappella, or with a single instrumental accompaniment or an ensemble and dancers. Characterized by their high range, falak songs most often relate to love, pain, suffering, the homeland, and separation and the hope of reunion between a parent and a child or between two lovers. The instruments used for falak performances include traditional Tajikistani percussion and string instruments, such as violins and flutes. Falak performers, known as falakkhons, are the traditional singers and instrumentalists who perform falak during festivities, ceremonies and ritual events. However, the music may be performed in many contexts, including outdoors while working in the fields or looking after herds in the mountains, or during feasts and social gatherings. It is also performed during the annual ‘Day of Falak’ festival. Falak is viewed as a state of mind and an identity marker for the mountain communities. The tradition is passed from one generation to the next within families and through formal education.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region