【亚洲·土库曼斯坦】传统土库曼地毯制作艺术 Traditional turkmen carpet making art in Turkmenistan（2019年）

土库曼斯坦的传统土库曼地毯制作艺术涉及土库曼传统地毯和地毯产品的生产：用装饰艺术装饰的手工编织的羊毛纺织产品。地毯的特点是质地致密，装饰着五个主要土库曼部落之一特有的彩色图案。它们的特点是形成清晰线性几何排列的图案。地毯编织者生活的环境——包括当地的植物群、动物群和环境——反映在创造地毯设计的线、图片和颜色组合中。土库曼地毯是在水平或垂直织机上制作的，主要使用不同颜色的羊毛线。地毯既可以用作地板覆盖物，也可以用作墙壁装饰，还可以为孩子的出生、婚礼、祈祷和哀悼仪式编织特殊的地毯。地毯制作艺术广泛融入土库曼斯坦人民的社会和文化生活，被视为文化认同和统一的标志。相关技能和知识在家庭中传播，社区成员不断确保这一传统的可行性。一年一度的地毯日庆祝活动通过聚集各个社区、加强社会联系和合作，在传播这一元素方面发挥着关键作用。

2019年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Traditional turkmen carpet making art in Turkmenistan relates to the production of traditional Turkmen carpets and carpet products: hand-woven woolen textile products decorated with ornamental art. The carpets feature a dense texture ornamented with characteristic coloured patterns pertaining to one of the five main Turkmen tribes. They are characterized by patterns forming clear linear geometric arrangements. The context in which the carpet weaver lives – including local flora, fauna and the environment – is reflected in the combination of threads, pictures and colours creating the carpet designs. Turkmen carpets are created on horizontal or vertical looms, mainly using different coloured wool threads. The carpets serve both as floor coverings and wall decorations, and special carpets are also woven for the birth of a child, wedding ceremonies, and prayer and mourning rituals. The carpet-making art is broadly integrated into the social and cultural life of Turkmen people and is considered as a sign of cultural identity and unity. Related skills and knowledge are transmitted within the family, and the viability of the tradition has been continuously ensured by community members. The annual celebration of Carpet Day plays a key role in the transmission of the element by gathering various communities, strengthening social ties and cooperation.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2019.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region