【亚洲·阿塞拜疆】弓弦乐器卡曼查的制作和演奏艺术 Art of crafting and playing with Kamantcheh/Kamancha, a bowed string musical instrument（2017年）

制作和演奏弓弦乐器Kamantcheh/Kamancha（“小弓”）的艺术已经存在了1000多年。在伊朗伊斯兰共和国和阿塞拜疆，它是古典音乐和民俗音乐的主要元素，表演在许多社会和文化聚会中占据中心位置。当代练习者主要使用由马毛制成的身体和弓组成的四弦卡曼切/卡曼查，演奏者可以单独表演，也可以作为管弦乐队的一部分。持有者和实践者包括工匠、业余或专业玩家，以及该元素的教师和学生。卡曼切/卡曼查是两国音乐文化的重要组成部分，虽然制作这种乐器是谋生的直接来源，但工匠们也将其视为社区非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分。通过他们的音乐，表演者传达了许多主题，从神话到诺斯替派和喜剧。如今，表演和制作卡曼切/卡曼查的知识在家庭内部以及国家资助的音乐机构和学校中传播。关于音乐在促进文化认同方面的重要性的知识在两国社会的各个阶层一代一代地传播。

2017年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

The art of crafting and playing with Kamantcheh/Kamancha (‘little bow’), a bowed string instrument, has existed for over 1,000 years. In the Islamic Republic of Iran and Azerbaijan, it constitutes a major element of classical and folkloric music, and performances occupy a central place in a wide number of social and cultural gatherings. Contemporary practitioners mainly use a four-stringed Kamantcheh/Kamancha comprising a body and bow made with horsehair and players perform either individually or as part of orchestras. Bearers and practitioners consist of craftspeople, amateur or professional players, and teachers and students of the element. Kamantcheh/Kamancha is an essential part of musical culture in both countries, and while crafting the instrument represents a direct source of earning a living, craftspeople also perceive the art as a strong part of the intangible cultural heritage of their communities. Through their music, performers convey many themes, from the mythological to the gnostic and the comic. Today, knowledge of performing and crafting Kamantcheh/Kamancha is transmitted both within families and in State-sponsored musical institutions and schools. Knowledge about the importance of the music in promoting cultural identity is transmitted from generation to generation in all strata of society in both countries.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2017.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region