【亚洲·阿塞拜疆】多尔玛制作和分享传统——文化认同的标志 Dolma making and sharing tradition, a marker of cultural identity（2017年）

Dolma tradition是一套与传统膳食“Dolma”的制作相关的知识和技能，其形式为用新鲜或预煮的叶子包裹或填充水果和蔬菜的小馅料（含肉、洋葱、大米、豌豆和香料）。这个传统的名字来源于突厥语缩写词“doldurma”，意思是“填充”。这顿饭在家庭或当地社区内共享，不同社区使用不同的方法、技术和原料来准备传统的饭菜。这一传统在整个阿塞拜疆共和国都存在，在所有地区都被视为主要的烹饪实践。在特殊的场合和聚会上，人们都喜欢它，它表达了团结、尊重和好客。它代代相传，超越了国内的种族和宗教界限。承载者包括传统烹饪从业者，主要是女性，以及为各种文化和社会目的使用dolma的更广泛人群。传统通过亲子关系传播，而正式传播主要发生在职业学校和学徒学校。这一要素在阿塞拜疆社会中享有很高的知名度，各社区通过许多提高认识的活动和活动，如节日、传授这一传统的职业学校和编写有关这一主题的出版物，确保了这一要素的可行性。

2017年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Dolma tradition is a set of knowledge and skills relating to the preparation of the traditional meal ‘dolma’, which takes the form of small fillings (containing meat, onion, rice, peas and spices) wrapped in fresh or pre-cooked leaves or stuffed in fruits and vegetables. The name of the tradition originates from the shortened Turkic word ‘doldurma’, meaning ‘stuffed’. The meal is shared within families or local communities, with different methods, techniques and ingredients used to prepare the traditional meal by different communities. The tradition is present throughout the Republic of Azerbaijan, and is perceived as a central culinary practice in all regions. It is enjoyed on special occasions and gatherings and expresses solidarity, respect and hospitality. It is transmitted from generation to generation and transcends ethnic and religious boundaries within the country. Bearers consist of traditional cooking practitioners, mostly women, and the wider community of people that use dolma for various cultural and social purposes. The tradition is transmitted through parent-child relationships, while formal transmission mainly occurs in vocational and apprenticeship schools. The element enjoys great visibility within Azerbaijani society, and its viability is ensured by the communities through numerous awareness-raising activities and events such as festivals, vocational schools that teach the tradition and the preparation of publications on the subject.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2017.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region