【亚洲·印度】加尔各答的杜尔迦节 Durga Puja in Kolkata（2021年）

杜尔迦节是一个每年9月或10月庆祝的节日，最著名的是在加尔各答、印度西孟加拉邦，但在印度其他地区和孟加拉侨民中也有。它标志着印度母亲女神杜尔加的十天崇拜。在节日前的几个月里，小型手工作坊用从恒河中提取的未烧粘土雕刻杜尔加和她的家人。然后，对女神的崇拜从Mahalaya的就职日开始，在这一天，人们将眼睛涂在粘土图像上，让女神复活。它在第十天结束，当这些图像被浸泡在粘土来自的河流中。因此，这个节日也意味着“回家”或季节性回归。杜尔迦节被视为宗教和艺术公共表演的最佳范例，也是艺术家和设计师合作的繁荣之地。该节日的特点是在城市地区有大型装置和展馆，以及传统的孟加拉鼓声和对女神的崇拜。在活动期间，随着成群结队的观众走来走去欣赏这些装置，阶级、宗教和种族之间的分歧瓦解了。

2021年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

Durga Puja is an annual festival celebrated in September or October, most notably in Kolkata, in West Bengal of India, but also in other parts of India and amongst the Bengali diaspora. It marks the ten-day worship of the Hindu mother-goddess Durga. In the months preceding the festival, small artisanal workshops sculpt images of Durga and her family using unfired clay pulled from the Ganga River. The worship of the goddess then begins on the inaugural day of Mahalaya, when eyes are painted onto the clay images to bring the goddess to life. It ends on the tenth day, when the images are immersed in the river from where the clay came. Thus, the festival has also come to signify ‘home-coming’ or a seasonal return to one’s roots. Durga Puja is seen as the best instance of the public performance of religion and art, and as a thriving ground for collaborative artists and designers. The festival is characterized by large-scale installations and pavilions in urban areas, as well as by traditional Bengali drumming and veneration of the goddess. During the event, the divides of class, religion and ethnicities collapse as crowds of spectators walk around to admire the installations.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2021.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region