【亚洲·印度】拉达克佛教徒吟颂——印度查谟克什米尔邦 跨喜玛拉雅拉达克地区佛教经文吟颂 Buddhist chanting of Ladakh: recitation of sacred Buddhist texts in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh region, Jammu and Kashmir, India（2012年）

在拉达克地区的寺院和村庄里，佛教喇嘛（祭司）诵读代表佛陀精神、哲学和教义的神圣文本。拉达克有两种佛教形式——大乘佛教和金刚乘佛教，有四个主要教派，即宁玛派、噶举派、释迦派和格鲁派。每个教派都有几种诵经形式，在生命周期仪式期间以及佛教和农历的重要日子进行诵经。诵经是为了人们的精神和道德福祉，为了净化和平和的心灵，为了平息邪恶灵魂的愤怒，或者为了祈求各种佛、菩萨、神和仁波切的祝福。诵经是集体进行的，可以坐在室内，也可以在寺院庭院或私人住宅中跳舞。僧侣们穿着特殊的服装，做出代表神圣佛陀的手势，钟声、鼓、钹和小号等乐器为诵经提供了音乐性和节奏感。侍从们在高级僧侣的严格监督下接受训练，经常背诵经文，直到被记住。圣歌每天都在修道院的礼堂里练习，作为对世界和平和练习者个人成长的神的祈祷。

2012年度列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。

来源：联合国教科文组织亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心

In the monasteries and villages of the Ladakh region, Buddhist lamas (priests) chant sacred texts representing the spirit, philosophy and teachings of the Buddha. Two forms of Buddhism are practised in Ladakh – Mahayana and Vajrayana – and there are four major sects, namely Nyngma, Kagyud, Shakya and Geluk. Each sect has several forms of chanting, practised during life-cycle rituals and on important days in the Buddhist and agrarian calendars. Chanting is undertaken for the spiritual and moral well-being of the people, for purification and peace of mind, to appease the wrath of evil spirits or to invoke the blessing of various Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, deities and rinpoches. The chanting is performed in groups, either sitting indoors or accompanied by dance in monastery courtyards or private houses. The monks wear special costumes and make hand gestures (mudras) representing the divine Buddha, and instruments such as bells, drums, cymbals and trumpets lend musicality and rhythm to the chanting. Acolytes are trained under the rigorous supervision of senior monks, reciting texts frequently until they are memorized. Chants are practised everyday in the monastic assembly hall as a prayer to the deities for world peace, and for the personal growth of the practitioners.

Included in the list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2012.

Source: UNESCO International Training Center for intangible cultural heritage in the Asia Pacific Region